Filantropi Islam: Zakat Saham di Pasar Modal Syariah Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak
 Perkembangan kajian filantropi Islam beberapa dekade terakhir telah memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap perluasan implemetasi objek zakat. Objek harta kena zakat menjadi fokus diskusi oleh beberapa sarjana, lembaga sosial keagamaan, dan pemerintah dalam mempercepat pertumbuhan zakat di Indonesia. Harta kekayaan perusahaan, zakat profesi, dan kepemilikan saham tidak luput menjadi objek harta kena zakat, hal ini didiskusikan dan diputuskan pada Muktamar ke-3 yang diselenggaran oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) pada tahun 2009 di Sumatera Barat, kemudian pada tahun 2017 gagasan tersebut direalisasikan dengan kesepakatan kerjasama antara Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS), Pasar Modal Syariah Indonesia Bursa Efek Indonesia (PMS-BEI) dalam program Sedekah dan Zakat Saham Nasabah (SAZADAH). Dalam realisasinya, program tersebut membebankan kewajiban zakat kepada akumulasi portofilio investor bukan pada kekayaan perusahaan. Disamping itu program tersebut melibatkan berbagai pihak yang menjadikan alur distribusi zakat menjadi kompleks. Oleh karena itu menarik untuk melihat hubungan relasi sosial di antara pelaku filantropis dalam program SAZADAH di PMS-BEI tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori relasi sosial, artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa implentasi zakat saham di PMS-BEI merupakan relasi yang saling menguntung kedua belah pihak, walaupun pola relasi dalam program tersebut masuk dalam kategori mediated-engagement strategies dengan pola contributory dan brokering philanthropy.
 
 Abstract
 The development of Islamic philanthropic studies in the last few decades has contributed significantly to the expansion of zakat objects implementation. The object of property subject to zakat becomes the focus of discussion by several scholars, religious social institutions, and the government in accelerating the growth of zakat in Indonesia. Company property, professional zakat and share ownership are zakat property objects, this matter was discussed and decided at the 3rd Congress held by the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) in 2009 in West Sumatra, then in 2017 the idea realized by a cooperation agreement between the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) and the Indonesian Sharia Capital Market Indonesian Stock Exchange (PMS-BEI) in the Customer's Stock Alms and Zakat program (SAZADAH). In its realization, the program imposes zakat obligations on the accumulation of investor portfolios rather than on the company's wealth. Besides that the program involved various parties who made the distribution channel of zakat complex. Therefore, it is interesting to see the relationship of social relations among philanthropic actors in the SAZADAH program on the PMS-BEI. Using a social relations theory approach, this article concludes that the implementation of zakat shares on the PMS-BEI is a mutually beneficial relationship for both parties, even though the pattern of relations in the program falls within the category of mediated-engagement strategies with contributory and philanthropic brokering pattern.

Peran Filantrophy Islam Dalam Menanggulangi Kemiskinan

“…Zakat merupakan sumber potensial untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan dan meminimalisasi kesenjangan yang terjadi antara masyarakat kaya dan miskin (Hardi, 2020). Dalam bidang sosial, dengan adanya zakat, orang fakir dan miskin dapat berperan dalam kehidupannya dan melaksanakan kewajiban kepada Allah.…”

The Decision Of The Aceh Community To Invest In Sharia

“…The capital market is an essential part of Islamic economic activities and activities, including the discussion of muamalah. Muamalah can be interpreted as a relationship between human beings related to commerce (Hardi, 2020). Recently, studies on the Islamic capital market have begun attracting much interest from researchers.…”

How far are the benefits of the Islamic Philanthropy and Social Entrepreneurship movement?

“…The development of Muslim community philanthropy practices in recent decades attracted scholars to study deeply about Islamic philanthropy. Philanthropic practices are understood as a form of service and voluntary giving to people other than family members in a collective sense (Hardi, 2020). Islamic philanthropy has deep roots in Islam as the duty and obligation of every Muslim in helping fellow believers who need financial support (Rawashdeh et al, 2017).…”