Filled Milks for Dairy Calves. II. Comparative Effects of Various Types of Soybean Oils and of Butter Oil on Health, Growth and Certain Blood Constituents

Murley, W. Ray; Jacobson, N. L.; Wise, George; Allen, Richard D.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(49)92088-3

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, this effect of MR was detected at 30 but not at 60 d of age (MR × age interaction: P = 0.05). Murley et al (1949) also reported that the concentration of fat in plasma was greater in calves consuming butter oil (high in medium-chain FA similar to CCO) as a fat source in MR compared with calves fed hydrogenated soybean oil. Clearance of FA from the blood may have been greater for calves fed HLA compared with LLA MR. Calves fed HLA MR had a greater expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) gene in liver compared with calves fed LLA MR (M. Garcia, L. F. Greco, W. W. Thatcher, J. E. P. Santos, and C. R. Staples, unpublished data).…”

Section: Fa Concentration and Profile In Plasmamentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of supplementing essential fatty acids to pregnant nonlactating Holstein cows and their preweaned calves on calf performance, immune response, and health

García

Greco

Favoreto

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementing saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (FA) during late gestation of cows and during the preweaning period of calves on growth, health, and immune responses of calves. During the last 8wk of pregnancy, Holstein cattle (n=96) were fed no fat supplement (control), a saturated FA (SFA) supplement enriched in C18:0, or an unsaturated FA supplement enriched in the essential FA linoleic acid. Newborn calves were fed a milk replacer (MR) with either low linoleic acid (LLA; coconut oil) or high linoleic acid (HLA; coconut oil and porcine lard) concentration as the sole feedstuff during the first 30d. A grain mix with minimal linoleic acid was offered between 31 and 60d of life. At 30 and 60d of life, concentrations of linoleic acid in plasma were increased in calves born from dams supplemented with essential FA compared with SFA (44.0 vs. 42.5% of total FA) and in calves consuming HLA compared with LLA MR (46.3 vs. 40.8% of total FA). Total n-3 FA concentration was increased in plasma of calves fed HLA compared with LLA MR (1.44 vs. 1.32%) primarily due to increased α-linolenic acid. Prepartum supplementation with SFA tended to improve dry matter intake (48.8 vs. 46.7kg) and improved average daily gain (0.50 vs. 0.46kg/d) by calves without affecting efficiency of gain or circulating concentrations of anabolic metabolites or hormones. Increasing mean intake of linoleic acid from approximately 4.6 to 11.0g/d during the first 60d of life increased average daily gain (0.50 vs. 0.45kg/d) without a change in dry matter intake, thus improving feed efficiency (0.63 vs. 0.59kg of gain/kg of dry matter intake). Improved weight gain in calves fed HLA MR was accompanied by increased or tendency to increase plasma concentrations of glucose (92.7 vs. 89.9g/dL) and insulin-like growth factor I (59.5 vs. 53.2g/dL), increased hematocrit (36.0 vs. 34.4%) and concentration of blood lymphocytes (4.61 vs. 4.21×10(3)/μL), lowered plasma concentrations of acid-soluble protein (78.8 vs. 91.3mg/L) and blood platelets (736 vs. 822×10(3)/μL), and increased production of IFN-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 30d of age (48.1 vs. 25.6pg/mL), possibly indicating an earlier development of the immune system. Partial replacement of coconut oil with porcine lard in MR improved calf performance and some aspects of immunity.

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Section: Fa Concentration and Profile In Plasmamentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of supplementing essential fatty acids to pregnant nonlactating Holstein cows and their preweaned calves on calf performance, immune response, and health

García

Greco

Favoreto

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Jacobson et (78) concluded from calf feeding experiments that hydrogenated soybean-oil-filled milk yielded results comparable to whole milk or butter-oil-filled milk. Other workers (10,97) have observed that the nutritive value of soybean oil is enhanced by hydrogenation and that calves tolerate saturated fats better than unsaturated fats.…”

Section: Gullickson Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the lipid requirements of the young dairy calf

Lambert

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Fat in milk replacers for calves

Raven¹

1970

J Sci Food Agric

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IntroductionIt is now over 20 years since experiments were first carried out in the U.S.A. on the possibility of developing satisfactory milk replacers for calves by combining separated milk with cheap vegetable or animal fats, but it is only in the last few years that the use of high-fat milk replacers has been realised commercially on farms in the U.K. One of the main reasons for this apparent slowness in development was that much of the early work was carried out before the significance of fat stabilisation and the importance of vitamin E in the nutrition of the calf had been fully realised and disappointing results were often obtained, particularly with unsaturated vegetable oils such as unhydrogenated cottonseed and soyabean oils. A further reason for some disappointing results seems to have been a lack of appreciation of the need for adequate emulsification and/or homogenisation of the fat in the milk replacer. More recent experiments have established the types of fat which can be included in milk replacers and also provided information on methods of inclusion to give the most satisfactory results in terms of animal performance.In the digestion of milk replacers it should be appreciated that when whole milk or a liquid milk replacer is fed to young calves a sucking mechanism operates and the milk by-passes the rumen and reticulum, by closure of the oesophageal groove, and enters directly into the abomasum or true stomach. The milk or milk replacer thus avoids fermentation in the rumen and is enzymically digested in the abomasum and intestines. Although digestion by the milk-fed calf is therefore similar in some respects to that of simple-stomached animals it is essential to recognise that important qualitative and quantitative differences between the calf and other species of farm animal do occur. For example the liquid-fed calf shows poor ability to digest ~t a r c h l -~ and little improvement due to adaptation in more prolonged feeding experiments,6 compared with a rapid development of ability to utilise starch by the young pig7 and a high efficiency of utilisation by the young chick.8 The liquid-fed calf also shows poor ability to digest vegetable proteinsgJ0 compared with the ability of the young pig7 and chick.8 With regard to fat, reported digestibilities of 83-93 % for certain animal and vegetable fats other than butterfat in milk replacers fed to calves2J-20 show that the young calf is inherently capable of adequately digesting a number of different fats as alternatives to butterfat. Although in this ability to digest fats the young calf shows some similarity to pigs and poultry, the differences in digestion and absorption of food constituents which are known to occur between pre-ruminant calves and other animal species are sufficient to emphasise the need for caution in any attempt to apply results obtained with other species to the calf. Incorporation of fat into milk replacersFat can be incorporated into milk replacers either by melting the fat and mixing it with separated milk powder or by hom...

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Filled Milks for Dairy Calves. II. Comparative Effects of Various Types of Soybean Oils and of Butter Oil on Health, Growth and Certain Blood Constituents

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of supplementing essential fatty acids to pregnant nonlactating Holstein cows and their preweaned calves on calf performance, immune response, and health

Effect of supplementing essential fatty acids to pregnant nonlactating Holstein cows and their preweaned calves on calf performance, immune response, and health

Study of the lipid requirements of the young dairy calf

Fat in milk replacers for calves

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