Fillers

Byers, J. T.; Wagner, M. P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2925-3_3

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For IR‐TE‐05V and IR‐TE‐40V, $V_{\rm {r}}^{0}/V_{\rm {r}} \approx 1$ ; values much greater than unity are found for IR‐TE‐20V ($V_{\rm {r}}^{0}/V_{\rm {r}} = 1.42$ ) and IR‐TE‐50V ($V_{\rm {r}}^{0}/V_{\rm {r}} = 2.50$ ). Some interference with the vulcanisation might be caused by the presence of TEOS, due to the tendency of the reactive particles to tie up some of the rubber molecules required for the crosslinking reaction 28. However, the lack of a trend in the experimental data suggests that small changes in the experimental conditions adopted during the synthesis of IR‐TE‐ x V materials lead to considerable changes in their final structure (degree of matrix crosslinking and/or dispersion of filler) and therefore in their swelling behaviour.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Messori

Bignotti

Santis

et al. 2009

Polymer International

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BACKGROUND: The reinforcement of elastomers by the addition of fillers is one of the most important aspects in rubber science and technology. In order to optimise the filler–polymer interface, innovative in situ generation of silica within isoprene rubber was carried out by means of a bottom‐up approach through a sol–gel process starting from tetraethoxysilane as silica precursor. The main aim was the study of the effect of the silica concentration and of the presence of coupling agent on the morphology and the dynamic mechanical behaviour of the composites. RESULTS: The in situ generated silica particles were homogeneously dispersed in the vulcanised rubber with dimensions from a few nanometres to the submicrometre scale. In the presence of coupling agent a good polymer–filler adhesion was observed. The dynamic mechanical behaviour was nonlinear for silica contents higher than 20 wt%. In this range of compositions silica exerted a marked reinforcement on the low‐amplitude storage modulus, which is related to the silica content according to the Huber–Vilgis model. CONCLUSION: Isoprene rubber can be effectively reinforced by the in situ generation of silica for silica contents higher than 20 wt%, and the interaction at the silica–rubber interface can be optimised by using suitable coupling agents. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Messori

Bignotti

Santis

et al. 2009

Polymer International

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“…The surface chemistry of silica particles is different from carbon black, primarily due to superficial hydroxyl and geminal silanol groups . Bifunctional organosilanes have been effectively used, particularly in tire industry, to facilitate the covalent bonding between silica particles and rubber molecules . It has been proposed that if rubber particle adhesion is stronger than the cohesion of rubber matrix, the damage may occur in the bulk instead of the interface .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Polydispersity and Deformation‐Induced Damage in Filled Elastomers

Tehrani

Moshaei

Sarvestani

2017

Macro Theory & Simulations

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An a priori assumption in micromechanical analysis of polymeric networks is that the constitutive polymer strands are of equal length. Monodisperse distribution of strands, however, is merely a simplifying assumption. This paper relaxes this assumption and considers a vulcanized network with a broad distribution of strand length. In the light of this model, this study predicts the damage initiation and stress–stretch dependency in filled polymer networks with random internal structures. The degradation of network mechanical behavior is assumed to be controlled by the adhesive failure of the strands adsorbed to the filler surface. This study shows that the short adsorbed strands are the culprits for damage initiation and their finite extensibility is a key determinant of the mechanical strength.

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“…To alleviate this problem, various silica coupling agents such as bis ‐(triethoxysilyl propyl) polysulfides [e.g., tetrasulfide (TESPT) and disulfide (TESPD)]3–7 and combinations of octyl triethoxysilane (OTES) and 3‐mercaptopropyl trialkoxy silanes (MPS)8 have been used to improve silica dispersion and processing. These coupling agents have alkoxy silane groups that are reactive with the silica surface and sulfur containing functionality, which react with unsaturation in the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of volatile organic compound emission. I. Synthesis and characterization of alkoxy‐modified silsesquioxane

Hergenrother

Lin

Hilton

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The preparation and characterization of a class of alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane (AMS) compounds containing less than 5 wt % of latent alcohol is described. The AMS derived from octyl triethoxysilane (OTES) behaves as a shielding agent in silica-filled rubbers while significantly reducing the volatile organic compounds that are released during the manufacture of rubber articles. Analysis of AMS by high pressure liquid chromatography and 29 Si NMR shows that it has a plethora of structures present that can best be described as a highly condensed opened oligomeric, branched arrangement of silsesquioxanes units. This structure is moisture stable, hydrocarbon soluble, and reactive with silica at compounding temperatures. The AMS has been prepared by acid-or base-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation in alcohol solution to form a product that often separates from the lower density reaction mixture. The kinetics of the AMS formation was examined and showed two separate rate processes occurring. The co-AMS prepared from OTES and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane yielded an effective shielding agent and coupling agent when used in silica-filled vulcanizates.

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Fillers

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Modification of isoprene rubber by in situ silica generation

Network Polydispersity and Deformation‐Induced Damage in Filled Elastomers

Reduction of volatile organic compound emission. I. Synthesis and characterization of alkoxy‐modified silsesquioxane

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