Filling root Canals with silver points

Grossmann,

doi:10.5357/koubyou1927.12.2_129

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) sealer formula developed by Rickert and Dixon 26,27) in 1931 became Kerr sealer, and the formula developed by Grossman in 1936 28) became Proco-Sol sealer (StarDental, Lancaster, PA, USA). The ZOE sealers have been a standard in endodontics since their development, based on their long-term success.…”

Section: Zinc Oxide-eugenol-based Sealersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review of current endodontic sealers

et al. 2020

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Choosing an endodontic sealer for clinical use is a decision that contributes to the long-term success of non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) 1) . Sealers are used as a thin tacky paste which functions as a lubricant and luting agent during obturation, allowing the core obturation material, such as gutta-percha points or other rigid materials, to slide in and become fixed in the canal 2,3) . Sealers can fill voids 4) , lateral canals 5) , and accessory canals where core obturation materials cannot infiltrate 6,7) . If the sealer does not perform its function, microleakage may cause NSRCT failure via clinically undetectable passage of bacteria, fluids, molecules or ions between the tooth and restorative material 8,9) . Knowing the qualities and characteristics of an endodontic sealer is critical to determining the best selection and application for each clinical case.Endodontic sealers are categorized by composition based on setting reaction and composition: zinc oxideeugenol, salicylate, fatty acid, glass ionomer, silicone, epoxy resin, tricalcium silicate, and methacrylate resin sealer systems (Table 1). Some novel sealers contain fillers or ceramic powders including calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium phosphate; however, they are fundamentally composed of the above sealer matrices. Until recently, many review articles were published within sealer types [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . However, few reviews have been published that cover all sealer types 17,18) . Therefore, in this comprehensive review, a historical perspective of each sealer type will be discussed first, followed by a description of the properties of all sealer types, such as setting time and solubility, sealing ability, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. Sealer attributes such as the rheology 19) , radiopacity 20) , and tooth discoloration [21][22][23] have been shown to be satisfactory and will not be discussed in detail. CURRENT ROOT CANAL SEALERS AND HISTORY Chelate formationMany dental luting agents set by way of a chelation reaction, the formation of metal complexes with polydentate (usually organic) ligands 24) . Two of the most common chelates used in dentistry are eugenolates and salicylates. For eugenolates, the setting reaction starts with water that hydrolyzes the zinc oxide to form zinc hydroxide. The zinc hydroxide and eugenol chelate and solidify 25) . For salicylates, the ion is calcium, usually formulated using calcium oxide. Although uncommon, fatty acids have also been used as ligands for chelate sealers, in conjunction with zinc oxide.

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Section: Zinc Oxide-eugenol-based Sealersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review of current endodontic sealers

et al. 2020

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“…The issue of adverse influences of endodontic filling materials has been addressed extensively. Although ideally, a root filling material should be inert or at least biocompatible (Grossman 1936) both in vivo and in vitro analyses have provided evidence in support of the view that most materials in common use and aimed for sealing of root canals may cause both local (Rowe 1967, Örstavik 1988, Örstavik & Mjör 1992 and systemic toxicity and hypersensitivity reactions (Hörsted & Söholm 1976, Hensten-Pettersen 1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of root canal sealers on immunocompetent cells in vitro and in vivo

Bratel¹,

Jontell²,

Dahlgren

et al. 1998

Int Endodontic J

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Over the years of testing biocompatibility of endodontic filling materials, little attention has been paid to the potential adverse influences on the function of the immune system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which extractable components of some commonly used root canal sealing materials (ERCS) may interfere with immunocompetent cells in vitro. The potential of these materials to cause delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was also addressed in a rat model system. Extractable components were drawn in cell culture medium from freshly mixed or set material of AH 26. Grossman's sealer, Endomethasone, and Apexit. In-vitro assays included either spleen cells or rat pulp tissue cells that were released following enzymatic digestion with collagenase. Purified T cells for the pulpal cell assay were obtained from rat mesenteric lymph nodes. The effect of ERCS on the proliferation of concanavalin A (con A) stimulated spleen cell was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Pulpal accessory cell function was monitored by the capacity of pulpal cells, pretreated with components of ERCS, to provide signals to con A stimulated T cells. DTH was tested after subcutaneous implantation of root canal sealers (RCS) in rats and challenge by ear injection. Pretreatment of pulpal cells with low dilutions of eluates from extracted AH 26 and Endomethasone resulted in a strong reduction of the T cell proliferation rate. The effect was considerably reduced (P < 0.01) when extracts of the solid material were employed. Extracts of Grossmans' sealer and Apexit affected T cell proliferation only to a limited extent in the pulpal cell assay. In general, assays on spleen cells showed a similar profile, although increased cell division was induced by Grossman's sealer at high eluate dilutions and a concentration-dependent decrease of cell division at lower concentrations of this material. ERCS evoked both immunosuppression and, in some instances, immunostimulation, but they did not release DTH.

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“…Zinc oxide-eugenol sealers were developed in the 1930s and have long played a central role in endodontic RCO [ 17 , 18 ]. However, the cytotoxicity of eugenol, which was incorporated as an instrumental chelating material, has attracted attention, and RCO sealers using various fatty acids as chelating materials have been developed and widely used [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Evaluation of the Effect of Root Canal Sealers Using a Rat Model

Okamoto

Matsumoto²,

Moriyama³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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Gutta-percha points and root canal sealers have been used for decades in endodontics for root canal obturation. With techniques such as single cone methods, the amount of sealer is larger, making their properties more critical. However, relatively few reports have comprehensively evaluated their biological effects. To this end, we evaluated three types of sealers, zinc oxide-fatty acid-, bio-glass- and methacrylate resin-containing sealers were considered. Their biological effects were evaluated using a rat subcutaneous implantation model. Each sealer was loaded inside a Teflon tube and implanted subcutaneously in the backs of rats. Inflammatory cells were observed around all samples 7 days after implantation and reduced after 28 days. Our results revealed that all samples were in contact with the subcutaneous tissue surrounding the sealer. Additionally, Ca and P accumulation was observed in only the bio-glass-containing sealer. Furthermore, each of the three sealers exhibited unique immune and inflammatory modulatory effects. In particular, bio-glass and methacrylate resin sealers were found to induce variable gene expression in adjacent subcutaneous tissues related to angiogenesis, wound healing, muscle tissue, and surrounding subcutaneous tissue. These results may help to understand the biological impacts of root canal sealers on surrounding biological tissues, guiding future research and comparisons with new generations of materials.

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Filling root Canals with silver points

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Comprehensive review of current endodontic sealers

Comprehensive review of current endodontic sealers

Effects of root canal sealers on immunocompetent cells in vitro and in vivo

Biological Evaluation of the Effect of Root Canal Sealers Using a Rat Model

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