Film boiling of subcooled liquids. Part I: Leidenfrost phenomenon and experimental results for subcooled water

Yagov, V. V.; Lexin, M. A.; Zabirov, A R; Kaban’kov, O. N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.02.049

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…2a. The situation is very similar to the famous Leidenfrost effect [22][23][24][25] in boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux (CHF), where an insulating vapor layer between the liquid and hot solid surface prevents the liquid from boiling rapidly and causing boilers to explode, as illustrated in Fig. 2b.…”

Section: Gassing Behavior Suppresses Sei Formationmentioning

confidence: 58%

Roll-to-roll prelithiation of Sn foil anode suppresses gassing and enables stable full-cell cycling of lithium ion batteries

Zhang

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

168

123

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Tin foil should have outstanding volumetric capacity as a Li-ion battery anode; however, it suffers from an unacceptable initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 10-20%, which is much poorer than that of Si or SnO 2 nanoparticles. Herein, we demonstrate that bare Sn catalyzes liquid electrolyte decomposition at intermediate voltages to generate gas bubbles and Leidenfrost gas films, which hinder lithium-ion transport and erode the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. By metallurgically pre-alloying Li to make Li x Sn foil, the lower initial anode potential simultaneously suppresses gassing and promotes the formation of an adherent passivating SEI. We developed a universally applicable roll-to-roll mechanical prelithiation method and successfully prelithiated Sn foil, Al foil and Si/C anodes. The as-prepared Li x Sn foil exhibited an increased ICE from 20% to 94% and achieved 200 stable cycles in LiFePO 4 //Li x Sn full cells at B2.65 mA h cm À2 . Surprisingly, the Li x Sn foil also exhibited excellent air-stability, and its cycling performance sustained slight loss after 12 h exposure to moist air. In addition to LiFePO 4 , the Li x Sn foil cycled well against a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NMC) cathode (4.3 V and B4-5 mA h cm À2 ). The volumetric capacity of the Li x Sn alloy in the LFP//Li x Sn pouch cell was up to B650 mA h cm À3 , which is significantly better than that of the graphite anode on a copper collector, with a rate capability as high as 3C. Broader contextSelf-supporting tin foil is a high-volumetric-capacity alternative to the graphite LIB anode; however, it shows an exceptionally low initial coulombic efficiency (10-20%), even lower than that of Si and SnO 2 nanoparticles with 410 3 Â contact area with the electrolyte, which is quite strange. Inspired by previous reports that tin catalyzes the decomposition of organic solvents, herein, we proved that bare Sn indeed catalyzes electrolyte decomposition at an intermediate voltage to generate gas bubbles and Leidenfrost films, which cut off the transport of lithium ions and prevent the formation of an adherent SEI. However, when the absolute potential is below 1 V (vs. Li/Li + ), it simultaneously promotes the formation of a solid SEI and mechanical adherence, which can in turn suppress future gassing. Therefore, we developed a roll-to-roll mechanical prelithiation process for tin foil, which lowers its absolute potential before contacting the electrolyte, promotes adherent passivation film formation, and greatly improves its coulombic efficiency and capacity retention so that it can perform well in full cells. Also, the striking air stability of the Li x Sn foil makes it much easier to handle than the bare Li metal anode. Our study provides vital new insights into why self-supporting metallic anodes do not appear to work in LIBs and develops an effective mitigation strategy by cheap and scalable metallurgical prelithiation, which is also applicable to other metallic alloy anode materials.

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Section: Gassing Behavior Suppresses Sei Formationmentioning

confidence: 58%

Roll-to-roll prelithiation of Sn foil anode suppresses gassing and enables stable full-cell cycling of lithium ion batteries

Zhang

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

168

123

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“…It is found that in water subcooled by ΔT sub > 20-30 K, microbubble boiling occurs when the samples made of materials with very different properties (stainless steel, nickel, and copper) are cooled. As far as is known, the temperature of a cooled ball is measured in such experiments at the center and at several points on the surface rather than at one point only in [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The presence of several surface thermocouples enables us to determine reliably the temperature of occurrence of the intensive cooling mode, the velocity of the cooling front propagation over the surface, and the rate of the ball cooling.…”

Section: Heat and Mass Transfer And Physical Gasdynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An emergence of the intensive film boiling regime of subcooled isopropanol in experiments with nickel samples having a carbon-black layer serves as qualitative evidence in favor of the model. Experiments in which electrical contact between subcooled water and a solid surface was recorded upon cooling high-temperature samples are discussed in [12]; these also indicate the presence of local surface contacts with a coolant. In particular, it is emphasized in [6] that the duration of electrical contacts increases near the Leidenfrost temperature.…”

Section: Heat and Mass Transfer And Physical Gasdynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that many researchers identify the surface temperature at which the transition from stable film boiling to intensive boiling begins as the Leidenfrost temperature. In some cases, this is supported by an overly extended interpretation of the concept, which makes it vague, as demonstrated in [12]. If we follow the first experiments of the author of the discovery (1756) and interpret them from today's standpoint, then the limiting temperature of a solid surface, at which its direct contact with a liquid is possible, has a strictly defined value for a given substance: this is the spinodal temperature.…”

Section: Heat and Mass Transfer And Physical Gasdynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Coating by a Carbon Nanostructure on Heat Transfer with Unsteady Film Boiling

et al. 2019

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We present the results of an experimental study of heat transfer regimes during cooling in water of high-temperature, heated steel balls with a technically smooth and modified surface. The modification consisted of the application of a finely dispersed carbon coating to the surface followed by electron beam treatment. When the samples are placed in subcooled water, an intensive heat transfer regime occurs on the both samples; it appeared upon film boiling with heat fluxes on the surface up to 6 MW/m 2 . The heat flux values based on the initial cooling thermograms were obtained from a one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem. The carboncoating leads to a decrease in the surface temperature, which corresponds to the transition to the intensive cooling mode, whereas the intensive cooling mode itself is identical for samples with the different surface treatments. Experimental results confirm the approximate model proposed for the conditions for the occurrence of the intensive cooling regime during film boiling of a subcooled liquid.

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“…Over the past 10 years, our research team has conducted an extensive series of experimental work on various liquids and metals under different conditions [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The compressed results are shown in Table 1 and 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure influence on film boiling of mixtures

Zabirov¹,

Yagov²,

Kanin³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (FFHMT'19)

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A unique experimental work was carried out to study the laws governing the cooling of subcooled water-ethanol mixtures under pressures up to 0.5 MPa. The great intensification of quenching was recorded with increasing pressure and mass fraction of water in ethanol. At some conditions the transition temperature to the intensive boiling regime noticeably exceeded the critical temperature of the liquid (when direct liquid-solid contact is impossible).

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Film boiling of subcooled liquids. Part I: Leidenfrost phenomenon and experimental results for subcooled water

Cited by 45 publications

References 16 publications

Roll-to-roll prelithiation of Sn foil anode suppresses gassing and enables stable full-cell cycling of lithium ion batteries

Roll-to-roll prelithiation of Sn foil anode suppresses gassing and enables stable full-cell cycling of lithium ion batteries

Effect of Coating by a Carbon Nanostructure on Heat Transfer with Unsteady Film Boiling

Pressure influence on film boiling of mixtures

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