Filsafat Islam antara Tradisi dan Kontroversi

Abstract

Is there such a thing called "Islamic philosophy"? If there is one, what is it? What does it mean for philosophy to be Islamic? How does Islamic philosophy differ from non-Islamic one? Why do some Muslim scholars reject philosophy, ban its instruction, and even scorn its proponents? The present article will address all these questions and seeks to offer a balanced perspective on controversial issues pertaining to philosophy in Islamic intellectual context, drawing upon authoritative, primary sources. The first section deals with definition and terminology, including the disagreement among scholars over which of these is the best appellation: 'Islamic philosophy', 'Muslim philosophy', or 'Arabic philosophy'. This will be followed by a discussion of the main sources of Islamic philosophy and its impacts, as well as the aims and benefits of studying philosophy according to its exponents. The final section provides a critical appraisal of the arguments for and against philosophy that have been put forward by its defenders and its critics. Furthermore, the article also discusses three current approaches to Islamic philosophy, namely the mysticalhermeneutical such as advocated by Leo Strauss and Henry Corbin, the historicalphilological study such as practiced Richard Walzer and Dimitri Gutas, and the philosophical-analytical approach such as espoused by Oliver Leaman and Lenn E. Goodman. A final word about the challenges and prospect of Islamic philosophical studies is in order, taking into account recent developments in various parts of the world following revival of interest in Avicenna, Averroes and al-Ghazali.

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“…This term was used by an early generation of Muslim thinkers as the equivalent of the word "Sophia". The words of "wisdom" is deliberately chosen so that it is more easily accepted by Muslims so that it is impressed that philosophy is not contrary to the teachings of Islam but instead originated and empties into the Qur'an [3]. Thus Islam as a perfect religion is precisely in line with philosophical studies.…”

“…Islamic philosophy carries an implicit agenda and mission, how to align the teachings of revelation with the demands of reason, even though in essence this kind of dichotomy is not a central issue in Islamic philosophical discourse [3]. The use of philosophical approaches as referred to above, so that moral and religious values can be understood to their most essential or fundamental nature.…”

“…In short, "philosophy" is a science that humans achieve with their minds. Philosophers/studying various problems of the universe, sky, earth, humans, animals, plants, minerals, and so on [3].…”

Al-Attas on Tafsir and Ta’wil as Legacy of Islamic Sciences

“…If since the establishment of the Islamic scientific tradition has been explained in 2.1; so when the various events described in 2.2 contribute to the uniqueness of the Islamic scientific tradition as well. For example, the interaction of Muslim scientists with Greek civilization gave birth to the nomenclature of the discipline of 'Islamic Philosophy' (although, 'epistemology' of Islam has been established in sub 2.1) in which there are kalam and mantiq which are integrated in it [44], [45].…”

Pemikiran Mohammad Hatta Tentang Pendidikan Islam

“…Justru sebaliknya, filsafat dapat memperdalam kepercayaan terhadap Islam. Sebagaimana Ibnu Sina, bahwa motivasi seseorang mempelajari filsafat bersifat religius pragmatis, yakni untuk membangun argumen rasional guna mengukuhkan keyakinan agama, dan bagaimana keimanan tersebut dapat dipertahankan secara akal 40.…”