Filter Performance and Design for Highway Drains

Lee, Sang-Ho; Bourdeau, Philippe

doi:10.5703/1288284313389

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…A hydraulic gradient of ≤1 is expected in pavement edge drains (Giroud, 2010). However, a hydraulic gradient as high as 5 is possible in realistic field conditions, for example, if partial leakage is allowed through a pavement boundary (Lee and Bourdeau, 2006).…”

Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) to perform cyclic tests. The traditional GR test equipment uses a rigid wall permeameter, which has limitations related to side wall leakage and limited control over stresses (Harney & Holtz, 2001; Lee & Bourdeau, 2006). Kermani et al (2018) studied pumping of subgrade fines into the subbase of a flexible pavement using a rigid steel container.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dynamic gradient ratio test apparatus

Khan

Dawson

Marshall

2018

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

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The soil-geotextile filtration mechanism is a complex process which depends on physical compatibility between the geotextile and the soil to be retained. Several methods have been proposed by researchers for assessing the filtration behaviour of soil-geotextile composite systems under steady state conditions. The Gradient Ratio (GR) test is the most commonly used method for measuring filtration compatibility of soil-geotextile systems. This paper describes the design of a modified GR permeability test apparatus to overcome disadvantages associated with traditional GR test devices. The apparatus can perform filtration tests under static and dynamic conditions and can be used to evaluate the filtration compatibility of fine-grained soils with geotextiles. The apparatus is incorporated within a triaxial testing system, hence representative field stress conditions can be applied to test specimens. Some exemplar GR tests performed on coarse and fine-grained soils with a non-woven geotextile are presented in this paper. Unidirectional dynamic loads are applied within the filtration tests to replicate highway traffic loading. Test results show that dynamic loading affects the filtration behaviour at the soil-geotextile interface by increasing the fine particles migration towards the geotextile, but that, for the soil evaluated here, this effect was small.

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Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic gradient ratio test apparatus

Khan

Dawson

Marshall

2018

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

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“…20,21 To quickly evaluate the performance and index of a filter, gradient ratio (GR) testing is the most common standard test method. [22][23][24] However, GR tests are generally applicable only to size effects, focusing only on filters, which cannot simulate the filtration behavior of the entire drainage system, including the pipes. 25 Furthermore, most GR tests, as accelerated tests, use a one-dimensional vertical cell in which the filter is positioned horizontally, which cannot reflect the real two-dimensional infiltration conditions that occur on the sides of drain pipes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory evaluation of the filtration behavior of three filters wrapped around drain pipes in fine tailings based on a radial flow test

Xuan

Huang

et al. 2023

Textile Research Journal

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Installing drain pipes is an effective way to control the height of the saturation line to improve the stability of tailings dams in mine projects. The filtration and clogging behaviors of filters wrapped around drain pipes have a great impact on their drainage capacity. This article presents results from radial filtration tests with drain pipes wrapped by filtration materials in fine-grained tailings. In the tests, three fibrous filters with different production technologies were used under different hydraulic conditions. The test results were interpreted based on the drainage characteristics of the system, the clogging characteristics and mechanism of each filter after testing, and the particle gradation passing through each filter. The results showed that the needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles had good soil retention properties and poor drainage properties, and one denser cake layer was formed upstream as the experiment progressed. For the heat-bonded nonwoven geotextiles with larger apertures and thinner thicknesses, there was a slight degree of clogging and acceptable drainage capacity. Steel wire mesh with a thinner thickness and homogeneous mesh structure seemed to offer the best anti-clogging and drainage performance by retaining coarse particles and washing out fine particles. Thus, it is inferred that drain pipes wrapped with steel wire mesh are a good choice for alleviating the physical clogging problem.

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“…This subsequently reduces the quantities of materials required for construction (17). Furthermore, geotextiles are also extensively used for roadway drainage applications to reduce the detrimental impact of moisture on pavement layers (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been done in the past to understand the hydraulic behavior of both woven and non-woven geotextiles for different soil classes ( 26–28 ). Conventional geotextiles are predominantly effective in draining the subsurface water, under the influence of gravity, through saturated soil; however, past studies have indicated that their efficacy decreases in an unsaturated environment ( 24, 29 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Performance of Wicking Geotextile in Providing Drainage for Flexible Pavements Built over Expansive Soils

Biswas

Puppala

Khan

et al. 2021

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The longevity and performance of a pavement section depend on the characteristics of the subgrade soil. A majority of the pavements in North Texas, U.S., are constructed on expansive soils. The deterioration of the pavement performance because of rutting, cracking, and differential heaving is a regular phenomenon in the regions predominantly distributed with expansive soils. The pavements, particularly those built for low-volume traffic conditions, experience distress because of the high swelling and shrinkage characteristics of the underlying problematic soils. Geosynthetics have been traditionally used to improve such poor subgrades because of their many benefits, such as ease of installation, and ample mechanical and hydraulic properties. In the last decade, a newly available wicking geotextile, with a moisture redistribution capacity, has been developed to improve the performance of pavements constructed over expansive and frozen soils. In this study, small-scale laboratory and full-scale field studies were conducted to comprehend the wicking ability of this innovative geotextile in an expansive soil environment. Full-scale test sections were constructed with reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregate and traditional crushed stone aggregates in the base layer near North Texas. Details of the construction and instrumentation procedure are discussed in this paper. A comparative study between the performance of the pavement sections subjected to traffic loads and moisture intrusion was also performed. Furthermore, the rutting life of the sections, estimated using a linear elastic model, was compared and validated using the in situ data. The observations during the initial phase indicated that the wicking geotextile has the potential to improve the long-term pavement performance.

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Filter Performance and Design for Highway Drains

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

A dynamic gradient ratio test apparatus

A dynamic gradient ratio test apparatus

Laboratory evaluation of the filtration behavior of three filters wrapped around drain pipes in fine tailings based on a radial flow test

Evaluating the Performance of Wicking Geotextile in Providing Drainage for Flexible Pavements Built over Expansive Soils

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