Filtration and penetrability of cement-based grout: Study performed with a short slot

Draganović, Almir; Stille, Håkan

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2011.02.007

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1 is employed. In this evaluation, a linear relation between the weight and time is an indication of no-filtration versus a non-linear relation which indicates the filtration (Draganovic and Stille 2011). As seen in the figure, in the vicinity of the b crit , i.e., in the tests 5 and 6, despite of slight filtration at the mesh surface, the remained opening is still adequate to let the entire designated grout capacity pass through.…”

Section: (D) the Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The method used to evaluate the grout penetrability was the weight-time measurement similar to those in modified Filter pump and penetrability meter. More details of the test setup and procedure can be found in Draganovic and Stille (2011).…”

Section: Short Slotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Penetrability meter and Filter pump, the thickness of the woven metal mesh filter is somewhat less than 100 lm, depending on the size of the employed steel wires. In Short slot, the length of the constriction, however, is about 100 times longer equal to 10 mm (Draganovic and Stille 2011). Consequently, the resisting friction against the grout flow along the thickness of the mesh filters/constrictions in both Penetrability meter and Filter pump will reasonably be negligible, compared with that in Short slot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The filter-pump and the penetrability-meter, developed by Hansson (1995) and Eriksson and Stille (2003) respectively, are two of the most commonly used instruments in Scandinavia applicable in both the lab and the field due to the simplicity of their performances. Short slot has been designed based on geometry and pressure conditions much closer to the rock grouting conditions in field; however, it is a bit more complicated in performance and rather applicable in the lab (Draganovic and Stille 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ordinary applied pressure of 15 bar in Short slot, however, is considerably higher than the other two instruments (Draganovic and Stille 2011). It is well known that the grout penetrability is improved by increasing the pressure (Eriksson et al 1999;Hjertström 2001;Nobuto et al 2008;Draganovic and Stille 2011;Stille et al 2012). Therefore, the penetrability measurement is undeniably dependent on the grouting pressure and the experiments on identical grout samples under different pressures should definitely reveal diverse or even contradictory results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Uncertainties in Grout Penetrability Measurements; Evaluation and Comparison of Filter pump, Penetrability Meter and Short Slot

et al. 2017

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To measure grout penetrability in fractured hard rock, various measuring instruments have been developed over the years. Penetrability meter and Filter pump have been designed to use in both the lab and the field. Short slot has been applicable mainly in the lab due to its complexity. The fact, that these instruments have been built based on different assumptions, limitations, and test conditions, makes their results occasionally in contradict. Deficiency in design of the instruments as well as the methods of evaluating grout penetrability is additionally a basis for uncertainty in results. This study is an experimental effort to determine and thoroughly perceive the nature of the most governing uncertainties in grout penetrability measurements. The test apparatus, procedure, and method used to evaluate the grout penetrability in both Penetrability meter and Filter pump were thus modified. The aim was to control the corresponding uncertainties and make their limitations and test conditions as similar as possible with the ones in Short slot. The results suggested that to obtain a more realistic evaluation of the grout penetrability, measurement should be accomplished at both the high and the low pressures with sufficient grout volume using Short slot. Moreover, application of both Filter pump and Penetrability meter is no longer recommended due to the revealed uncertainties.

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Section: (D) the Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Short Slotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncertainties in Grout Penetrability Measurements; Evaluation and Comparison of Filter pump, Penetrability Meter and Short Slot

et al. 2017

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Development of dynamic grouting under laboratory and field conditions

Zirgulis

Ghafar

Chaudhari

2022

Geomechanics and Tunnelling

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When it comes to underground structures, water ingress from the surrounding formations leads to several environmental, economic and sustainability issues. To obtain the sealing, the grouting of rock fractures is done. Today, in the grouting operations, which are commonly conducted in almost all the tunnel and subsurface infrastructure projects, the pressure applied is static. This type of applied pressure might be suitable for the large fracture apertures > 100 μm, but it has been acknowledged that it is difficult to obtain sufficient penetration through smaller apertures, where filtration of cement particles starts to occur. Research is already done to overcome this issue by applying dynamic grouting pressure instead of static. It was proved that this approach erodes the formed filter cakes and improves grout penetrability in fractures below 100 μm. This research focuses on low‐frequency rectangular pressure impulse as an alternative to other methods. The goal is to improve grout spread in micro‐fractures (especially in apertures < 70 μm). During the investigation, a prototype dynamic injection equipment was built and tested under laboratory conditions. The 4 m variable aperture long slot (VALS) was used in the experiments to simulate rock fractures. The test showed better grout penetrability using dynamic pressure approach. At the current time of writing this article, preparation works are done for field test of prototype equipment at SKB Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) at Äspö, Sweden.

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Penetration mechanism of grouting by using the cement-based slurry with time-dependent viscosity

Wang,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Arch Appl Mech

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Filtration and penetrability of cement-based grout: Study performed with a short slot

Cited by 61 publications

References 6 publications

Uncertainties in Grout Penetrability Measurements; Evaluation and Comparison of Filter pump, Penetrability Meter and Short Slot

Uncertainties in Grout Penetrability Measurements; Evaluation and Comparison of Filter pump, Penetrability Meter and Short Slot

Development of dynamic grouting under laboratory and field conditions

Penetration mechanism of grouting by using the cement-based slurry with time-dependent viscosity

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