Filtration processes—A distinguished history and a promising future

Logsdon, Gary S.; Horsley, Michael B.; Freeman, Scott; Neemann, Jeff; Budd, George C.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.2006.tb07613.x

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Before the study, the filters had been operating continuously for 18 months. Backwashing consisted of a 2 min air scour (61 m s −1 ) followed by a dechlorinated water only wash (81 m s −1 ) for 5 min and sampling took place over 5 days. Filter influent and effluent were collected immediately prior to backwash, immediately after backwash and 2, 5 days post‐backwash.…”

Section: Biofilter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the first filtration systems installed for a centralized system was in Paisley, Scotland in 1804 which was used to treat water for both industrial purposes and to supply water to the local population; at the time cleaned water was delivered by cart to residents . In North America filtration was first implemented at Poughkeepsie, NY, USA in 1872 . Early filtration systems utilized slow sand filtration practices, which as the name may imply, have very low filtration rates (ranging from approximate initial historical lows of 0.1 m h −1 to more modern averages of 0.4 m h −1 ); rapid granular filtration has much higher filtration rates, ranging from approximately 5 to 20 m h −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In North America filtration was first implemented at Poughkeepsie, NY, USA in 1872. 2 Early filtration systems utilized slow sand filtration practices, which as the name may imply, have very low filtration rates (ranging from approximate initial historical lows of 0.1 m h −1 to more modern averages of 0.4 m h −1 ); rapid granular filtration has much higher filtration rates, ranging from approximately 5 to 20 m h −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of biofiltration in drinking water treatment – a review

Basu

Dhawan

Black

2015

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Biofiltration is a process in which an otherwise conventional granular filter is designed to remove not only fine particulates but also dissolved organic compounds through microbial degradation. Biofiltration can reduce the need for chemicals in drinking water treatment and thus improved applications of biofiltration in drinking water treatment can be viewed as green or sustainable engineering technology. Recent trends in biofiltration technology for drinking water treatment have or have attempted to extend the performance of biofilters through gaining a better understanding of operational constraints. This review articles summarizes important operational parameters influencing biofiltration performance such as hydraulic loading, empty bed contact time (EBCT), temperature, media type, and backwashing conditions. In addition, recent advancements in biofiltration operations including, ozonation, ammonia removal and the influence of nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorous) supplementation to facilitate carbon removal are explored.

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Section: Biofilter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of biofiltration in drinking water treatment – a review

Basu

Dhawan

Black

2015

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…It was previously demonstrated that GAC filter can provide attachment sites for biofilm accumulation and thus additionally remove previously adsorbed organic matter (Kim et al 1997). The production of bacteria from such biological activated carbon filters is considered as a disadvantage of the treatment operation because potential pathogens may pose a serious health risk to the consumers (Logsdon et al 2006). …”

Section: Gac Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the behavior of different size fractions of dissolved organic matter in a full-scale advanced drinking water treatment plant

Quang

Choi²,

Hur

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In this study, five different dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions, defined based on a size exclusion chromatography with simultaneous detection of organic carbon (OCD) and ultraviolet (UVD), were quantitatively tracked with a treatment train of coagulation/flocculation-sand filtration-ozonation-granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration in a full-scale advanced drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Five DOM samples including raw water were taken after each treatment process in the DWTP every month over the period of three years. A higher abundance of biopolymer (BP) fraction was found in the raw water during spring and winter than in the other seasons, suggesting an influence of algal bloom and/or meltwater on DOM composition. The greater extent of removal was observed upon the coagulation/flocculation for high-molecular-weight fractions including BP and humic substances (HS) and aromatic moieties, while lower sized fractions were preferentially removed by the GAC filtration. Ozone treatment produced the fraction of low-molecular-weight neutrals probably resulting from the breakdown of double-bonded carbon structures by ozone oxidation. Coagulation/flocculation was the only process that revealed significant effects of influent DOM composition on the treatment efficiency, as revealed by a high correlation between the DOM removal rate and the relative abundance of HS for the raw water. Our study demonstrated that SEC-OCD-UVD was successful in monitoring size-based DOM composition for the advanced DWTP, providing an insight into optimizing the treatment options and the operational conditions for the removal of particular fractions within the bulk DOM.

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“…Rapid sand filters were later favoured over slow sand because of the large area required by the latter to maintain a sufficient output and the excessively low filtration rates (0.1-0.3 m/h, or lower), also due to the smaller size of the sand grains [8]. Recently, it has been successfully adopted in many small communities because of the efficacy in removing protozoa pathogens [8,30]. Slow sand filtration is not, however, effective when dealing with high levels of turbidity and algae because of a limited removal ability and long ripening times [5,31].…”

Section: Filtration Operating Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtration Process and Alternative Filter Media Material in Water Treatment

Cescon

Jiang

2020

Water

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In drinking water treatment, filtration plays an important role in the multi-barrier approach employed for the removal of pathogens. The presence of suspended solids and other particulate matter in water increases the resistance of most microbes to disinfection. Therefore, high performance in the removal of particles achieved by granular filtration can increase the disinfection efficiency. Although sand is one of the major filter media, alternative media have been developed and used in recent years. In this review, the performance of alternative media is compared with traditional sand/anthracite for drinking water treatment. Advantages in the use of alternative media, especially glass media, have been found, including high filtration performance in removing residual particles and turbidity, minor modification requirements to the existing filtration configuration and slow head loss development. However, before the employment of them in industry, additional tests are recommended. In particular, full scale tests with variations in the operating conditions and analyses of pathogen removal should be performed. Moreover, this paper reviews the filtration processes and operating configurations which provide overall references to those who are studying and working in the field of water technology and treatment. In this paper, legislations/standards of safe drinking water are summarized as they are the driving force of developing new treatment technologies; mathematical modules for predicting the media filtration performance are briefed. Finally, future work on the application of alternative filter media is recommended.

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Filtration processes—A distinguished history and a promising future

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Applications of biofiltration in drinking water treatment – a review

Applications of biofiltration in drinking water treatment – a review

Tracking the behavior of different size fractions of dissolved organic matter in a full-scale advanced drinking water treatment plant

Filtration Process and Alternative Filter Media Material in Water Treatment

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