Fimbriae and adherence of<i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>to epithelial cells and to abiotic surfaces

Oliveira-Garcia, Doroti de; Dall'Agnol, Monique; Rosales, Mónica; Azzuz, A.C.G.S.; Alcántara, Norma; Martinez, Marina Baquerizo; Girón, Jorge A.

doi:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00306.x

Cited by 127 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Flagella have been implicated in the adherence and invasion of host cells, as well as in the formation ofbiofilm (5,16). To characterize the presence and the genetic organization of the flagellum-encoding genes present in S maltophilia strains, we carried out Southern blot hybridization analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Molecular Detection Ofvirulence Related Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of Virulence Determinants of Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strains Isolated from Patients Affected by Cystic Fibrosis

Bonaventura

Prosseda

Chierico

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial bacterial pathogen which is currently isolated with increasing frequency from the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In this study 13 S. maltophilia strains (11 isolated from the airways of independent CF patients, and two non-CF respiratory reference strains) have been characterized for the expression of several virulence-associated factors. In particular, the ability to form biofilm on abiotic surfaces has been determined and correlated with different features, such as motility, adherence and the ability to invade A549 respiratory epithelial cells. Moreover, the presence of a flagellum-associated gene as well as that of the StmPr1 gene, which encodes an extra-cellular protease, have been determined by Southern blot hybridization. Our data indicate that the different degree of biofilm formation exhibited by the 11 CF isolates does not correlate with motility, ability to adhere to and invade A549 cells, or with the presence of flagella. On the other hand, among the CF isolates the StmPr1 gene was found only in two strains, both able to establish chronic lung infections in CF patients. Moreover, only four of the strains analyzed show a temperature-independent antibiotic-resistance profile, suggesting either a different origin of these strains or an intervening adaptation to host tissues.

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Section: Molecular Detection Ofvirulence Related Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. maltophilia strains of environmental and clinical origin have been shown to be able to adhere to and to invade cultured epithelial respiratory cells, as well as to adhere to different abiotic surfaces with production of biofilm (5,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Virulence Determinants of Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strains Isolated from Patients Affected by Cystic Fibrosis

Bonaventura

Prosseda

Chierico

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…In addition to antigen 43, fimbriae and fimbria-like adhesins are important in biofilm formation in E. coli and other organisms (5,6,12,14,20,33,49,55,59). These large surface structures also play a key role in attachment to epithelial cells and pathogenesis (11,31,40).…”

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confidence: 99%

ASerratia marcescensOxyR Homolog Mediates Surface Attachment and Biofilm Formation

Shanks

Stella²,

Kalivoda³

et al. 2007

J Bacteriol

104

131

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OxyR is a conserved bacterial transcription factor with a regulatory role in oxidative stress response. From a genetic screen for genes that modulate biofilm formation in the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens, mutations in an oxyR homolog and predicted fimbria structural genes were identified. S. marcescens oxyR mutants were severely impaired in biofilm formation, in contrast to the hyperbiofilm phenotype exhibited by oxyR mutants of Escherichia coli and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Further analysis revealed that OxyR plays a role in the primary attachment of cells to a surface. Similar to what is observed in other bacterial species, S. marcescens OxyR is required for oxidative stress resistance. Mutations in oxyR and type I fimbrial genes resulted in severe defects in fimbria-associated phenotypes, revealing roles in cell-cell and cell-biotic surface interactions. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the absence of fimbria-like surface structures on an OxyR-deficient strain and an enhanced fimbrial phenotype in strains bearing oxyR on a multicopy plasmid. The hyperfimbriated phenotype conferred by the multicopy oxyR plasmid was absent in a type I fimbrial mutant background. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR indicated an absence of transcripts from a fimbrial operon in an oxyR mutant that were present in the wild type and a complemented oxyR mutant strain. Lastly, chromosomal P lac -mediated expression of fimABCD was sufficient to restore wild-type levels of yeast agglutination and biofilm formation to an oxyR mutant. Together, these data support a model in which OxyR contributes to early stages of S. marcescens biofilm formation by influencing fimbrial gene expression.

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“…Very little is known about the mechanisms of biofilm formation by S. maltophilia. It has been shown to adhere to HEp-2 cells as well as abiotic surfaces, such as plastic, glass, and Teflon (7)(8)(9)(10)16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Biofilm Formation and Motility Associated with Lipopolysaccharide/Exopolysaccharide-Coupled Biosynthetic Genes inStenotrophomonas maltophilia

2006

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia WR-C is capable of forming biofilm on polystyrene and glass. The lipopolysaccharide/exopolysaccharide-coupled biosynthetic genes rmlA, rmlC, and xanB are necessary for biofilm formation and twitching motility. Mutants with mutations in rmlAC and xanB display contrasting biofilm phenotypes on polystyrene and glass and differ in swimming motility.Microorganisms can develop biofilms or clogging mats, causing the failure of septic tanks, systems for on-site wastewater disposal. If water in these clogged systems were contaminated by pathogens, it would pose a threat to human health. We isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain WR-C from a clogged septic tank system that consistently formed biofilms on sand grains, produced exopolysaccharides (EPS), and caused clogging in sand columns (33). S. maltophilia is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, and obligate aerobic bacterium with polar flagella in the ␥-␤ subdivision of Proteobacteria (3,14). It is found in various environments and recently has emerged as an important human pathogen. Very little is known about the mechanisms of biofilm formation by S. maltophilia. It has been shown to adhere to HEp-2 cells as well as abiotic surfaces, such as plastic, glass, and Teflon (7-10, 16).To identify genes that are involved in biofilm formation by S. maltophilia WR-C, about 4,500 transposon mutants generated with the EZ::TN Ͻ R6K␥ori/KAN-2 Ͼ Tnp transposome (Epicenter, Madison, Wis.) were screened for defects in biofilm formation in 96-well polystyrene plates (Becton-Dickinson Labware, Franklin Lakes, N.J.) by using a modified microtiter plate assay (11,29). Briefly, wells containing 200 l Trypticase soy (TS) broth were inoculated with overnight cultures and incubated at 30°C, 50 rpm for 2 days. Biofilm cells were stained with 0.1% crystal violet and washed, the stain remaining in the cells was solubilized with 70% ethanol, and the optical density at 590 nm was determined. Three mutants, TPH7, TPH11, and TPH13, whose growth was similar to that of the wild type but which were deficient in biofilm formation, were selected for further characterization.The transposon flanking regions were rescued by "rescue cloning" as described by the manufacturer and sequenced by using the primers KAN-2 FP-1 and R6KAN-2 RP-1 (Table 1). The transposon-inserted genes are homologous to three genes involved in the biosynthesis of nucleotide sugar precursors of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and EPS in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ATCC 33913 (GenBank accession no. AE008922) (6). The genes are rmlC (for TPH7, 74% identity), rmlA (for TPH11, 78% identity), and xanB (for TPH13, 80% identity), which are located in the rml and xan operons of X. campestris pv. campestris (19,20). As no genome sequence is available and the gene cluster involved in LPS/EPS biosynthesis has not been reported for S. maltophilia, the DNA segments flanking the transposon in TPH7, TPH11, and TPH13 were sequenced. The complete sequences of the rmlBACD and xanAB operons and their flanking genes were deter...

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Fimbriae and adherence ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliato epithelial cells and to abiotic surfaces

Cited by 127 publications

References 48 publications

Molecular Characterization of Virulence Determinants of Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strains Isolated from Patients Affected by Cystic Fibrosis

Molecular Characterization of Virulence Determinants of Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strains Isolated from Patients Affected by Cystic Fibrosis

ASerratia marcescensOxyR Homolog Mediates Surface Attachment and Biofilm Formation

Differential Biofilm Formation and Motility Associated with Lipopolysaccharide/Exopolysaccharide-Coupled Biosynthetic Genes inStenotrophomonas maltophilia

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