Fimbriae of uropathogenic<i>Proteus mirabilis</i>

Rocha, SÃ©rgio P. D.; Pelayo, Jacinta Sánchez; Elias, Waldir P.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00284.x

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Proteus mirabilis, a common causative agent of cystitis and polynephritis, produces pili known as the Proteus mirabilis fimbriae (PMF). The pmf operon encodes 5 predicted proteins, the major pilin PmfA, the usher PmfC, the chaperone PmfD, the minor pilin PmfE, and the adhesin PmfF (reviewed in [47]. E. coli also produces a number of thinner fibers (2 -5 nm wide), e. g. K99 pili, K88 pili, F17 pili, and F6 pili, although most of these structures are associated with animal ETEC.…”

Section: Pili Of Gram-negative Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pili in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria — structure, assembly and their role in disease

Proft

Baker

2008

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

454

406

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Many bacterial species possess long filamentous structures known as pili or fimbriae extending from their surfaces. Despite the diversity in pilus structure and biogenesis, pili in Gram-negative bacteria are typically formed by non-covalent homopolymerization of major pilus subunit proteins (pilins), which generates the pilus shaft. Additional pilins may be added to the fiber and often function as host cell adhesins. Some pili are also involved in biofilm formation, phage transduction, DNA uptake and a special form of bacterial cell movement, known as 'twitching motility'. In contrast, the more recently discovered pili in Gram-positive bacteria are formed by covalent polymerization of pilin subunits in a process that requires a dedicated sortase enzyme. Minor pilins are added to the fiber and play a major role in host cell colonization.This review gives an overview of the structure, assembly and function of the best-characterized pili of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

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Section: Pili Of Gram-negative Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pili in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria — structure, assembly and their role in disease

Proft

Baker

2008

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

454

406

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“…Because fimbriae are often found to contribute to virulence, there are multiple studies examining the roles of P. mirabilis -encoded fimbriae to UTI (Table 6) (19, 20, 232). P. mirabilis obtained from healthy stool or diarrhea, urine, or blood can adhere to voided human uroepithelial cells regardless of the bacterial source (233), which is consistent with the conservation of fimbrial genes in this species (106).…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection

2018

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Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium most noted for its swarming motility and urease activity, frequently causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) that are often polymicrobial. These infections may be accompanied by urolithiasis, development of bladder or kidney stones due to alkalinization of urine from urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis. Adherence of the bacterium to epithelial and catheter surfaces is mediated by 17 different fimbriae, most notably MR/P fimbriae. Repressors of motility are often encoded by these fimbrial operons. Motility is mediated by flagella encoded on a single contiguous 54 kb chromosomal sequence. On agar plates, P. mirabilis undergoes a morphological conversion to a filamentous swarmer cell expressing hundreds of flagella. When swarms from different strains meet, a line of demarcation, a “Dienes line”, develops due to the killing action of each strain’s type VI secretion system. During infection, histological damage is caused by cytotoxins including hemolysin and a variety of proteases, some autotransported. The pathogenesis of infection, including assessment of individual genes or global screens for virulence or fitness factors has been assessed in murine models of ascending UTI or CAUTI using both single-species and polymicrobial models. Global gene expression studies carried out in culture and in the murine model have revealed the unique metabolism of this bacterium. Vaccines, using MR/P fimbria and its adhesin, MrpH, have been shown to be efficacious in the murine model. A comprehensive review of factors associated with urinary tract infection is presented, encompassing both historical perspectives and current advances.

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“…The biogenesis and/or the biological role were studied for six types of fimbriae and agglutinins: MR/P (mannose resistant Proteus like fimbriae), MR/K (mannose resistant Klebsiella hemagglutinins), PMF (Proteus mirabilis fimbriae), NAF (nonagglutinating fimbriae), ATF (ambient temperature fimbriae) and P. mirabilis P-like fimbriae (fimbriae, which are similar to E. coli P pili) (COKER et al 2000, ROCHA et al 2007b, JACOBSEN et al 2008.…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteus sp. – an opportunistic bacterial pathogen – classification, swarming growth, clinical significance and virulence factors

et al. 2012

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The genus Proteus belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, where it is placed in the tribe Proteeae, together with the genera Morganella and Providencia. Currently, the genus Proteus consists of five species: P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri, P. hauseri and P. myxofaciens, as well as three unnamed Proteus genomospecies. The most defining characteristic of Proteus bacteria is a swarming phenomenon, a multicellular differentiation process of short rods to elongated swarmer cells. It allows population of bacteria to migrate on solid surface. Proteus bacteria inhabit the environment and are also present in the intestines of humans and animals. These microorganisms under favorable conditions cause a number of infections including urinary tract infections (UTIs), wound infections, meningitis in neonates or infants and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, Proteus is known as a bacterial opportunistic pathogen. It causes complicated UTIs with a higher frequency, compared to other uropathogens. Proteus infections are accompanied by a formation of urinary stones, containing struvite and carbonate apatite. The virulence of Proteus rods has been related to several factors including fimbriae, flagella, enzymes (urease - hydrolyzing urea to CO2 and NH3, proteases degrading antibodies, tissue matrix proteins and proteins of the complement system), iron acqusition systems and toxins: hemolysins, Proteus toxin agglutinin (Pta), as well as an endotoxin - lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Proteus rods form biofilm, particularly on the surface of urinary catheters, which can lead to serious consequences for patients. In this review we present factors involved in the regulation of swarming phenomenon, discuss the role of particular pathogenic features of Proteus spp., and characterize biofilm formation by these bacteria.

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Fimbriae of uropathogenicProteus mirabilis

Cited by 52 publications

References 47 publications

Pili in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria — structure, assembly and their role in disease

Pili in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria — structure, assembly and their role in disease

Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection

Proteus sp. – an opportunistic bacterial pathogen – classification, swarming growth, clinical significance and virulence factors

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