Final design of the CMS solenoid cold mass

Design and Description of the CMS Magnetic System Model

“…In the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector [11] at the LHC [8], the magnetic field is provided by a wide-aperture superconducting thin solenoid [33] with a diameter of 6 m and a length of 12.5 m, where a central magnetic flux density |B 0 | of 3.8 T is created by an operational direct current of 18.164 kA [34][35][36]. The CMS multi-purpose detector, schematically shown in Figure 1, includes a silicon pixel tracking detector [37], a silicon strip tracking detector [38], a solid crystal electromagnetic calorimeter [39] to register e and γ particles, and a hadron calorimeter of total absorption [40] both located inside the superconducting solenoid, as well as a muon spectrometer [41][42][43][44] and a forward hadron calorimeter [45], both located outside of the superconducting coil.…”

Shear test of glass reinforced composite materials at 4.2 K

“…For manufacturing reasons, the solenoid is split in 5 modules. The final design of the CMS solenoid cold mass is presented in [1]. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the cold mass.…”

The superconducting strand for the CMS solenoid conductor

“…To achieve the requested magnetic field, a total of 2180 turns is needed in the CMS coil, for an operating current of 19 500 A [2]. Because the conductor is wound in 4 layers and the coil is made from 5 modules, a total of 20 conductor lengths, each 2.5 km, long is needed.…”

“…The dimensions and the proportions of the conductor sub-components were determined taking into account the requested electrical characteristics of the coil, the thermal properties of the coil, the quench protection and stability, and the mechanical strength [2]. The conductor consists of a Rutherford type cable embedded in a high purity aluminum matrix using an extrusion process, joined by a dedicated continuous electron beam welding process to two aluminum alloy profiles acting as mechanical reinforcements [3], [4].…”