Final Report of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel on the Safety Assessment of Methyl Acetate

Abstract

Alkyl acetates, as well as acetic acid and acetate salts, are widely used cosmetic ingredients, with a wide range of functions as fragrances, solvents, or skin-conditioning agents, depending on the specific ingredient. Available data on alkyl acetates, and acetic acid and the alcohol to which they could be metabolized, were considered adequate to support the safety of the entire group in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics.

Safety Assessment of Vitis vinifera (Grape)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics

“…Acetic acid Safe as used ( 0.0004% in leave-ons; 0.3% in rinse-offs) 4 Ascorbic acid Safe as used ( 10% in leave-ons; 5% in rinse-offs) 5 Benzoic acid Safe as used ( 5% in leave-ons; 5% in rinse-offs; 0.08% in diluted for [bath] use formulations) 6 Benzyl alcohol Safe as used ( 3% in leave-ons; 10% in rinse-offs; 0.9% in diluted for [bath] use formulations) 6 Biotin Safe as used ( 0.6% in leave-ons; 0.01% in rinse-offs) 7 Cholesterol Safe as used ( 5% in leave-ons; 1% in rinse-offs) 8 Citric acid Safe as used ( 4% in leave-ons; 10% in rinse-offs; 39% in diluted for [bath] use formulations) 9 Fumaric acid Safe as used ( 0.2% in leave-ons; 0.2% in rinse-offs; 5% in diluted for [bath] use formulations) 10 Lactic acid Safe for use at 10%, final formulation pH !3.5, when formulated to avoid increasing sun sensitivity or when directions for use include the daily use of sun protection; safe for use in salon products at 30%, final formulation pH !3.0, in products designed for brief, discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing from the skin, when applied by trained professionals, and when application is accompanied by directions for the daily use of sun protection 11 Malic acid Safe for use as a pH adjuster; insufficient for other uses in cosmetic ingredients 12 Myristic acid Safe as used ( 10% in leave-ons; 19% in rinse-offs) 13 Niacin Safe as used ( 0.1% in leave-ons) 14 Oleic acid Safe as used ( 20% in leave-ons; 19% in rinse-offs) 15,16 Palmitic acid Safe as used ( 16% in leave-ons; 20% in rinse-offs) 15,16 Pantothenic acid Safe as used ( 0.01% in leave-ons: 0.00001% in rinse-offs) 16,17 Salicylic acid Safe as used when formulated to avoid skin irritation and when formulated to avoid increasing the skin's sensitivity to sun, or, when increased sun sensitivity would be expected, directions for use include the daily use of sun protection ( 3% in leave-ons; 3% in rinse-offs) 106 Stearic acid Safe as used ( 22% in leave-ons; 43% in rinse-offs) 15,16 Succinic acid Safe as used ( 0.2% in leave-ons; 26% in rinse-offs) 18 Tocopherol Safe as used ( 2% in leave-ons; 0.4% in rinse-offs; 0.8% in products diluted for use) melatonin in grape skin have ranged from 0.005 to 1.2 ng/g. The stage of growth also affects the amount present.…”

“…As shown in Table 2, some of the constituents of grape, such as ascorbic acid, biotin, malic acid, and so on, are cosmetic ingredients for which a Panel safety assessment is available; others are compounds that have been discussed in previous Panel safety assessments. 4 –19…”

Dermal delivery of amitriptyline for topical analgesia

“…IPA is a volatile solvent with a vapour pressure value of 4.4 kPa at 20 °C [33]. It has also been used in a number of topical products, and it is considered safe for application to the skin [34]. The effects of the combined use of IPM and IPA on amitriptyline permeation were studied under finite dose conditions.…”

Safety Assessment of Amino Acid Alkyl Amides as Used in Cosmetics

“…1,2 The Panel also reviewed the following fatty acid constituents and concluded that these fatty acids are safe for use as cosmetic ingredients: coconut acid, olive acid, sunflower seed acid, palm acid, acetic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and myristic acid. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The Panel concluded that malic acid was safe for use as a pH adjuster, but the data were insufficient to determine safety for any other functions. 10 The maximum concentrations of use along with summaries of the data included in those existing safety assessments are provided in Table 2.…”