Finally, inkjet-printed metal halide perovskite LEDs – utilizing seed crystal templating of salty PEDOT:PSS

Abstract

<p>Light-emitting diodes with an inkjet-printed active layer based on MAPbBr₃ perovskite are produced for the first time.</p>

Using Combinatorial Inkjet Printing for Synthesis and Deposition of Metal Halide Perovskites in Wavelength‐Selective Photodetectors

“…The drying process can be assisted by annealing, vacuum drying, or gas flow-assisted drying. [39,49] Starting with three different print heads filled with three different MA lead halide perovskite precursor inks (MAPbI 3 , MAPbBr 3 , and MAPbCl 3 ), a gradient of mixing ratios was inkjet printed by varying the relative halide ion concentration. Using the DoD capabilities of inkjet printing and controlling the ratio of deposited droplets of each ink, precise compositional mixing can be achieved.…”

“…[26][27][28] Inkjet printing as such has already been successfully used as a deposition method for organic semiconductors, [29] inorganic semiconductors, [30] and metal inks [31][32][33] for the fabrication of various electronic and optoelectronic devices. [34][35][36][37] More recently, inkjet printing has also been successfully used to deposit metal halide perovskites and perovskite nanocrystalbased optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, [38] LEDs, [39] and photodetectors. [40,41] Inkjet printing is an additive, a mask-less, and noncontact deposition method, which has the ability to produce functional devices with a high degree of customization, minimal consumption of active material, and selective and structured patterning due to its drop-on-demand (DoD) character.…”

Gas flow-assisted vacuum drying: identification of a novel process for attaining high-quality perovskite films

“…Over the past years, a large variety of solution-based coating and printing techniques, such as slot-die-coating, blade-coating, spray-coating, inkjet-printing have proven their potential for the fabrication of large-area solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. [1][2][3] To induce and control the crystallization of wet perovskite films, different protocols have been established, such as radiative or temperature annealing, 4 antisolvent quenching, 5 gas quenching, [6][7][8][9] and vacuum drying. [10][11][12][13] While antisolvent quenching is mainly used in spin-coating processes, gas quenching and vacuum drying are widely applied as in-line or post-deposition drying steps along with scalable coating and printing techniques.…”

Improved performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes with a NaCl doped PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer

“…This observation can be explained by the increased coverage of the surface by NaCl (Figure 2). 28 We note the C 1S peaks in Figure 3(c) exhibited a slight blue shift with NaCl doping. The same trend was also found in the sulfur S 2p peaks shown in Figure S5, where the peaks between 166 and 172 eV can be assigned to sulfur atoms of PSS while the signals in the range of 162-166 eV correspond to the sulfur atoms of PEDOT 29 .…”