“…The fourth strand examined the link between trade openness and economic growth (Das & Paul, 2011; Eris & Ulasan, 2013; Hye, Wizarat, & Lau, 2016; Marelli & Signorelli, 2011; Rahman, Saidi, & Ben Mbarek, 2017; Were, 2015). Several studies have also examined the link between trade openness and financial development (Ashraf, 2018; Bouët & Vaubourg, 2016; Goksel, 2012; Le, Kim, & Lee, 2016; Manova, 2013; Menyah, Nazlioglu, & Wolde‐Rufael, 2014). Other studies focused on the link between trade openness and innovation (Coe, Helpman, & Hoffmaister, 2009; Grossman & Helpman, 1994; Guadalupe, Kuzmina, & Thomas, 2012).…”