“…Fraud and financial crimes in the banking services industry, such as money laundering, illegal debiting of customer accounts, internet banking fraud, and fictitious credit distribution, often involve bank front office employees (Ametepe et al, 2022;Dzomira, 2016;Mangala & Soni, 2023). This fraud occurs because there are opportunities and loopholes as a result of weak internal control processes, disorderly implementation of risk management, and constraints on the whistleblowing system (WBS) in banking organizations (Brune et al, 2021;Durguti et al, 2023;Hobby, 2020;Nobanee & Ellili, 2018;Yeoh, 2020).…”