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PurposeThis study examines how tourism contributes to employment.Design/methodology/approachUsing various econometric techniques for panel data, the study estimates the contribution of tourism to employment in a sample of 148 economies from 2002 to 2017. The analysis is also carried out for three sub-samples according to income levels.FindingsThis study has three significant contributions: Firstly, it shows that investment and consumption in the tourism sector have positive benefits for employment. Furthermore, the improvement of institutional quality boosts these positive gains. Secondly, there is a U-inverted relationship between the income level and total contributions of tourism to employment. The development of the tourism industry would therefore follow the pattern suggested by the Kuznets curve hypothesis. Thirdly, the positive effects of tourism investment and consumption in tourism are evidenced in all three sub-samples. In contrast, the effects of institutions seem to be weaker in higher-income economies (implying that there is a larger space for low-income economies to use institutional reform to boost the development and contribution of tourism in their economies). Finally, institutional quality appears to enhance the contribution of tourism to employment.Originality/valueThe study highlights the importance of the tourism industry in enhancing employment.
PurposeThis study examines how tourism contributes to employment.Design/methodology/approachUsing various econometric techniques for panel data, the study estimates the contribution of tourism to employment in a sample of 148 economies from 2002 to 2017. The analysis is also carried out for three sub-samples according to income levels.FindingsThis study has three significant contributions: Firstly, it shows that investment and consumption in the tourism sector have positive benefits for employment. Furthermore, the improvement of institutional quality boosts these positive gains. Secondly, there is a U-inverted relationship between the income level and total contributions of tourism to employment. The development of the tourism industry would therefore follow the pattern suggested by the Kuznets curve hypothesis. Thirdly, the positive effects of tourism investment and consumption in tourism are evidenced in all three sub-samples. In contrast, the effects of institutions seem to be weaker in higher-income economies (implying that there is a larger space for low-income economies to use institutional reform to boost the development and contribution of tourism in their economies). Finally, institutional quality appears to enhance the contribution of tourism to employment.Originality/valueThe study highlights the importance of the tourism industry in enhancing employment.
Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results about the impact of CEO duality on corporate performance in the hospitality and tourism (H&T) industry. To further delve into this relationship, we investigate the causal relationship between CEO duality and environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance under various board characteristics and financial indicators. The data from Thomson Reuters Eikon database were evaluated using a machine learning technique that included targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW), and neural network analysis, all of which are doubly robust estimators with cross-fitting. The findings suggest that CEO duality negatively impacts environmental pillar scores but not other outcomes (i.e., governance and social pillar scores). Among the governance practices and financial indicators, policy executive compensation performance, policy executive compensation ESG performance, and return on capital investment (ROIC) have a positive relation with total ESG scores.
Influencers can use large online followings to create awareness about the destination, answer the tourists' queries, and structure the destination image, environment, and sustainable accommodations while staying in a particular landscape. Moreover, influencers may promote the ecotourists' destination, grab the trust of their followers, and be a carrier of promoting eco-friendly activities at destinations. The theory of planned behaviour sets the direction for this study. It offers a thorough framework for clarifying the factors that may affect or limit persons' intentions to perform certain behaviours. TPB can assist tourists in understanding the motivations behind their choice of destination by analyzing the elements influencing ecotourism. Influencers who engage with ecotourists can shape their perceptions of a region by emphasizing its unique attributes, like captivating natural scenery and sustainable tourism practices.
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