“…The first type aims to describe the status of financial fragility using national or international data (Demertzis et al ., 2020; Lin et al ., 2022). The second type focuses on exploring the outcomes associated with financial fragility, where financial fragility serves as a contextual background factor (Bialowolski et al ., 2021; Chhatwani and Mishra, 2021b; Preston, 2022; Yu et al ., 2022). The third type seeks to identify factors that are linked to financial fragility, encompassing both risk factors that may increase the likelihood of financial fragility and coping factors that can help reduce it (Ali et al ., 2020; Cardona-Montoya et al ., 2022; Clark et al ., 2021a, b; Lusardi et al ., 2021; West and Mottola, 2016).…”