“…Nevertheless, financial performance of firms measured from market information may be influenced by external factors like economic, political, social, and technological factors. According to a review of related research papers, popular indicators used to represent the financial performance of companies are return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q (Garcia-Castro, Ariño,& Canela, 2010;Rodgers, Choy, & Guiral, 2013;Foo, 2015;Foo & Pathak, 2016;Liang & Pathak, 2018a;Liang & Pathak, 2018b;Hillary, Nyang'au, & Ngacho, 2018;Ho and Mohd-Raff, 2018).…”