Financial Incentive Required for Pharmacy Students to Accept a Post-Graduation Position in Rural and Undesirable Pharmacy Settings

Ulrich, E; Hurdelbrink, Jonathan; Perepelkin, Jason; Welter, Kelli Jo

doi:10.3390/pharmacy7030109

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among respondents, we can see that students who were the only child in the family, female, with an urban background, or from a more wealthy family were placed stronger values on work location than their counterparts. This nding is consistent with a previous study in the United [25]. When designing a more effective policy implementation to attract pharmacy students to work in the rural areas, it would be important to take into account their backgrounds, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Both a literature review and qualitative studies were conducted to ensure that the attributes and levels included are the most meaningful for respondents. Firstly, we identify 9 attributes from a literature review, including monthly income, work environment, work location, bianzhi (which refers to the established posts and can be loosely regarded as state administrative sta ng), workload, training opportunity, career development opportunity, management style, and welfare [22][23][24][25][26]. Next, we consulted 3 experts and based on their opinion, the bianzhi, workload, welfare, and career development opportunity were removed; on the other hand, years to the promotion was suggested to be added and the monthly income level was suggested to be adjusted.…”

Section: Attributes and Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, there have been two DCE studies about job preference of pharmacy students. The rst study identi ed six attributes and surveyed 283 students in total from the United States and Canada [25]. This study found signi cant differences between states and provinces in the job preferences of pharmacy students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Job Preferences of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Liu

Gong

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Pharmacists are a crucial part of the health workforce and playing important role in achieving universal health coverage. In China, pharmaceutical human resources are in short and the distribution is unequal. This study aimed to identify the key job characteristics that influence the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students and to elicit the relative importance of different job characteristics to shed lights on future policy intervention.Methods: A discrete choice experiment was conducted to elicit the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students from 6 provinces in mainland China. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data. Conditional logit and mixed logit models were used to analyze data and the final model was chosen according to the model fit statistics. A series of policy simulation was also conducted.Results: In total, 581 respondents completed the questionnaire and 500 respondents who passed the internal consistency test were analyzed. All attributes were statistically significant except for open management. Monthly income and work location were most important to respondents, followed by work unit (which refers to the nature of workplace) and years to promotion. There exists preference heterogeneity among respondents, e.g. male students preferred open management and female students preferred a job in private institutions. Furthermore, students with an urban background or from a single-child family placed higher values on a job in the city as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: The heterogeneity of attributes showed the complexity of job preferences. Both monetary and non-monetary job characteristics significantly influenced the job preferences of pharmacy students in China. A more effective policy intervention to attact graduates to work in rural areas should consider both incentives on the job itself as well as the background of pharmacy school graduates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Attributes and Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Job Preferences of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Liu

Gong

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Globally, there have been two DCE studies exploring the job preferences of pharmacy students. The first study identified six attributes and surveyed 283 students in total from the United States and Canada [ 26 ]. This study found significant differences between states and provinces in the job preferences of pharmacy students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students in China: a discrete choice experiment

Liu

Gong

et al. 2021

Hum Resour Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Pharmacists are a crucial part of the health workforce and play an important role in achieving universal health coverage. In China, pharmaceutical human resources are in short supply, and the distribution is unequal. This study aimed to identify the key job characteristics that influence the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students and to elicit the relative importance of different job characteristics to shed light on future policy interventions. Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted to assess the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students from 6 provinces in mainland China. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data. Conditional logit and mixed logit models were used to analyse data, and the final model was chosen according to the model fit statistics. A series of policy simulations was also conducted. Results In total, 581 respondents completed the questionnaire, and 500 respondents who passed the internal consistency test were analysed. All attributes were statistically significant except for open management. Monthly income and work location were most important to respondents, followed by work unit (which refers to the nature of the workplace) and years to promotion. There was preference heterogeneity among respondents, e.g., male students preferred open management, and female students preferred jobs in public institutions. Furthermore, students with an urban background or from a single-child family placed higher value on a job in the city compared to their counterparts. Conclusion The heterogeneity of attributes showed the complexity of job preferences. Both monetary and nonmonetary job characteristics significantly influenced the job preferences of pharmacy students in China. A more effective policy intervention to attract graduates to work in rural areas should consider both incentives on the job itself and the background of pharmacy school graduates.

show abstract

“…Perhaps unexpectedly, the profession now faces at best an equilibrium in less-desired states and rural areas and an oversupply of pharmacists in the most-desired metropolitan areas of the country. 95 Many demand-side factors have not fully manifested according to predictions from 1 to 2 decades ago, such as new practice roles and payment for pharmacists’ services as health educators. In sum, the prediction did not materialize.…”

Section: Data Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Back at US Pharmacy’s Past to Help Discern Its Future

Shcherbakova

Desselle

2020

Ann Pharmacother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To review specific literature that aimed to predict the future of US pharmacy, beginning in the late 1980s. Data Sources: Articles were identified from searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and references of relevant articles. The following combinations of search terms were used: future, pharmacy, prediction, and forecast. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) full-text commentary, review, or original research and (2) focused predominantly on the pharmacy in the United States. Data on predictions for the future of pharmacy were extracted. Data Synthesis: We selected 3 articles published between 1988 and 2006, with each aiming to project the future for the following decade. We examined each prediction in light of the current knowledge. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Educators, practitioners, and other stakeholders should consider reflecting on the changes in pharmacy for the past 3 decades and applying both historical and emerging trends to improve patient care and sustain practice in the third decade of the 21st century and beyond. Conclusion: Most of the predictions for the future of pharmacy from the past 3 decades materialized, with some still in progress (reimbursement for pharmacy services), whereas others manifested in unexpected ways (transition from shortage to excess of pharmacists). Current forces shaping pharmacy include, but are not limited to, growing spending and use of specialty drugs, automation of pharmacy operations, growth of pharmacy in the digital health enterprise, and growing consumer interest in the use of analytical pharmacy that tests drugs before dispensing.

show abstract

Financial Incentive Required for Pharmacy Students to Accept a Post-Graduation Position in Rural and Undesirable Pharmacy Settings

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Job Preferences of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Job Preferences of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students in China: a discrete choice experiment

Looking Back at US Pharmacy’s Past to Help Discern Its Future

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About