Financial Inclusion, Socioeconomic Disaster Risks and Sustainable Mountain Development: Empirical Evidence from the Karakoram Valleys of Pakistan

Ullah, Kifayat; Mohsin, Abdul Qayyum; Saboor, Abdul; Baig, Saranjam

doi:10.3390/su12229737

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Where the cross-sectional data is applied, most researchers (e.g. Abebe, 2020;Ullah et al, 2020) have ignored the effects of variation in household personal characteristics, farming characteristics, economic characteristics as well as the existing transforming structures and processes. In the Karakoram valleys of Pakistan, for example, Ullah et al (2020) investigated the nexus between financial inclusion and improvement in the living standards of mountain people, and reduction in economic poverty, multidimensional poverty and income inequality using the Quasi Experimental Designs, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty measures, Alkire et al methodology, Gini Index and Quintile technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Inequality in Mountain Areas: The Case of Agroforestry Farming Systems in Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania

Kadigi¹

2021

OJF

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Land degradation due to use of unsustainable agricultural practices has affected many communities in rural mountain areas rendering them to be more vulnerable to income poverty and inequality. In this case, agroforestry systems promise to offer great solutions as they can be developed in unfavourable conditions where other production systems would either rapidly degrade the land or otherwise would not be possible. However, little is known whether agroforestry can address issues of income inequality in mountain areas. Hence, we conducted a study to investigate the nature and determinants of income inequality in Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania. Specifically, we used the cross-sectional research design and we calculated the income percentile shares, Gini coefficients and the coefficient of variation (CV), to pinpoint the nature of income inequality in the study area. The determinants of income inequality were analysed using the step by step multiple linear model. The results of analysis suggested prevalence of income inequality. Crop production was the main source of income in the agroforestry systems of the study area. Earnings from crops and timber were decreasing income-inequality amongst smallholder farmers. Our disaggregated analysis showed that offfarm income was also decreasing income-inequality for farmers with farmlands located close to homestead, for female-headed households, for farmers who did not access extension services, and those who were members of community-based financial institutions. Estimated incomes increased with household assets, size of farmland, and age of household head. However, the same decreased with household size. We found gender disparity to be one of the key issues that need attention in formulating future policies to reduce inequality. We recommend promotion of livelihood diversification as well as the designing and implementation of tailor-made training and farm financing How to cite this paper: Kadigi, R.M.J.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Inequality in Mountain Areas: The Case of Agroforestry Farming Systems in Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania

Kadigi¹

2021

OJF

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“…This implies that the socio-economic condition of the respondents in the study area was diverse, where education was average, land size was small but farmers were experienced. This is complemented by the findings from the studies such as Rasul and Hussain (2015), Ullah et al (2020), Shahzad et al (2021) and Yousafzai et al (2022) as they endorsed that the farmers living in mountainous regions of Pakistan experience a wide range of socio-economic situations and encounter various obstacles related to both the natural environment and societal factors. Challenges such as poverty, climate change, and limited access to financial services significantly affect the well-being of these farmers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Farmers Preferred Information Sources Regarding Climate Change Awareness in Mountainous Areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Khadim,

Ch,

Shahbaz

et al. 2023

J. Arab. Crops Market.

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Climate change is one of the key challenges having adverse impacts on agriculture, which is the key source of food and livelihood. Information is a critical component in the process of climate risk management. Therefore, this study was conducted in mountainous areas of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to explore the preferred information sources of the farmers to cope the climate change. A total of 384 farmers were interviewed face to face on a structured interview schedule from District Rawalpindi of Punjab and Mansehra of KPK. Collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that farmers had more reliance on electronic media gadgets for information seeking as least on social media gadgets. Fellow farmers and extension field staff were also rated as the preferred information sources of the farmers. This was deduced that farmers were emphasizing n traditional sources rather than modern tools of communication like social media. There is a need to promote the use of social media tools for information sharing for climate change awareness. Social media tools have the potential to meet the information needs of the farmers and have diverse contents to disseminate about climate change. Extension field staff should use social media gadgets for information dissemination among the farmers.

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“…Complementing this perspective, financial inclusion is viewed as a critical factor in poverty reduction, particularly in Pakistan's Karakoram valleys. This emphasizes the regional differences in impact and the need for localized financial inclusion strategies 43 . The State Bank of Pakistan has taken significant steps to promote financial inclusion through its National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS).…”

Section: Financial Inclusion In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of financial inclusion gaps in Pakistan and implications for achieving SDGs

Razzaq,

Qin,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This study investigates the determinants of gender disparities in financial inclusion in Pakistan using Global Findex 2021 survey data. We aim to quantify gender gaps in financial access and use, and to analyze the socio-economic factors influencing these disparities. Grounded in Sen’s capability approach and behavioral economics, we employ logistic regression to examine how gender influences the ownership and usage of financial products. Our results reveal significant gender gaps: only 13% of Pakistani women have financial accounts compared to 34% of men, with similar disparities in digital finance. Socio-economic variables like education, income, and employment are found to influence financial inclusion differently for men and women. While generally supportive of financial inclusion, these factors have a weaker effect for women, suggesting deeper societal barriers. This study adds to the global financial inclusion discourse by providing a comprehensive analysis of gender disparities in Pakistan. Our findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive policies that address these disparities to achieve Sustainable Development Goals related to gender equality and economic empowerment.

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Financial Inclusion, Socioeconomic Disaster Risks and Sustainable Mountain Development: Empirical Evidence from the Karakoram Valleys of Pakistan

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Income Inequality in Mountain Areas: The Case of Agroforestry Farming Systems in Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania

Income Inequality in Mountain Areas: The Case of Agroforestry Farming Systems in Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania

Farmers Preferred Information Sources Regarding Climate Change Awareness in Mountainous Areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Determinants of financial inclusion gaps in Pakistan and implications for achieving SDGs

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