“…-increases in the level of income -increases in the level of education -decreases in the degree of risk aversion 1 Analyses from Alessie et al (2011), Almenberg and Säve-Söderbergh, (2011), Crossan et al (2011), Bucher-Koenen and Lusardi (2011), Fornero and Monticone (2011, Klapper andPanos (2011), Lusardi andMitchell (2011b) and Sekita (2011) cover, respectively, Netherlands, Sweden, New Zeland, Germany, Italy, Russia, United States and Japan. Evidence from United States on the effect of financial literacy on planning and wealth accumulation is also contained in Lusardi and Mitchell (2007) and evidence from Italy on the effect of literacy on portfolio diversification is contained Guiso and Jappelli (2009). Moreover, the field of study is, even in this case, also relevant: in fact, Christiansen et al (2007) find that individuals with higher education in economics-related disciplines are, all things considered, more likely to invest in the stock market.…”