One of the differentiating characteristics and the main goal of this study has been to empirically study the financial literacy of modern Russian pupils and to determine their attitude to the problem of financial literacy in their everyday life. In order to solve the above goals, a set of sociological methods has been used, including a mass face-to-face survey of pupils from most regions of the country, a mass face-to-face online survey of students studying at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, in Moscow departments and departments of the regional branch network, an expert survey in regions of the Russian Federation, a content analysis of key electronic databases, e.g., the Russian State Library, the Library of Dissertations and Abstracts, the eLIBRARY.RU Scientific Electronic Library, a webometric analysis of more than 1,500 official websites of Russian regions on the problems under study, including the Usability and Visibility analysis. The authors have made some unique conclusions. Thus, more than ¾ of the modern youth understand the importance of financial literacy as an instrument to achieve their goals, and the goals demanded by the modern society. The main ones are to obtain education, to create a family, to achieve success in their career and professional growth, to establish their own business, etc. One important conclusion is as follows: the prospects for the use of deposits by today’s pupils, mortgage lending, leasing, and participation in mutual investment funds (MIFs) have a number of fundamental regional differences. Moreover, these regional differences among pupils as potential investors may be demanded by modern commercial financial and credit organizations for preparing promising medium-term development plans for their regional branches.