“…In addition to these factors, Balakrishnan, Danninger, Elekdag, and Tytell (2011) argued that financial stress could be transmitted due to common factors affecting several countries such as a global turmoil or crisis. Since then, several attempts have been made to study financial contagion and volatility spillovers among financial markets and across countries (see, e.g., Apostolakis & Papadopoulos, 2015;Balakrishnan et al, 2011;Beirne, Caporale, Schulze-Ghattas, & Spagnolo, 2013;Caramazza et al, 2004;Cardarelli, Elekdag, & Lall, 2011;Francis X. Diebold & Yilmaz, 2009;Francis X Diebold & Yilmaz, 2012;Yarovaya, Brzeszczyński, & Lau, 2016, among others).…”