“…Apart from tourism studies (Agyeiwaah, McKercher, & Suntikul, 2017;Font et al, 2021;Ivars-Baidal, Vera-Rebollo, Perles-Ribes, Femenia-Serra, & Celdrán-Bernabeu, 2021;Soh, Puah, & Arip, 2020) the composite indicator approach was popularized in the business (El Gibari, Gómez, & Ruiz, 2019;Karakostas, 2022) and in the financial context (Kuek, Puah, & Arip, 2020). The TSCI distinguishes six tourism sustainable competitiveness dimensions, thereby enabling specific and comparative analysis among the ASEAN member countries.…”