“…As a first step, the studies measure firm productivity and in the next step, the OLS or GMM method is employed to regress the effect of financial constraints on firm's productivity (Musso & Schiavo, 2008;Gatti & Love, 2008;Levine & Warusawitharana, 2014;Moreno-Badia & Slootmaekers, 2009;Nunes et al, 2007;Guan & Lansink, 2006;Chen & Guariglia, 2013, Li et al, 2018Jin et al, 2019). The second group estimate production function directly by adding financial constraints variables to production function (Nickell & Nicolitsas, 1999;Nucci et al, 2005;Chen & Guariglia, 2013;Pál & Ferrando, 2010;Ferrando & Ruggieri, 2015. However, the results from the studies are heterogeneous in terms of both economic significance and the direction of the effects of financial constraints on productivity growth.…”