Financing Electrification and Off-Grid Electricity Access Systems

Abstract

This chapter provides a review of financing mechanisms used for energy access in general and off-grid electrification in particular. It reviews the literature on the subject and tries to find answers to issues like whether the funding has been adequate, whether sufficient funding for the future is likely to be available, whether states should take the lead or leave it to the private sector and so on. It also looks at the innovative approaches used in funding and indicates whether small-scale projects can benefit from such initiatives. The chapter finds that in general the state has played an important role in funding infrastructure investments in both developed and developing countries. But many developing countries faced difficulties financially and neglected this for a long time. The gap has been somewhat filled by international donor agencies but their scale of operation so far has been selective and limited and cannot ensure adequate funding for the future. The innovative mechanisms are also unfriendly towards small-scale projects and therefore, do not really provide much hope. The challenge of mobilising finance and ensuring its appropriate delivery and use remains a major issue and would require a co-ordinated effort of all relevant stakeholders.

Electrification d'une charge isolée d'agriculture par hybridation énergétique

“…Faible: < 5 Systèmes autonomes-stations de télécommunication, pompage de l'eau, etc. Moyenne: 10 -250 Micro réseaux isolés-Alimentation d'un village isolé, Grande: > 500 Grands réseaux isolés Plusieurs études concernant l'électrification par l'application des systèmes photovoltaïque autonomes et hybrides, telles que l'approvisionnement en eau potable et le pompage photovoltaïque [9,11], l'éclairage public [12], la réfrigération des vaccins [13], les sites de télécommunications mobiles [14,15], l'électrification des villages isolés [16] et les bâtiments intégrant les systèmes PV [17].…”

A Comprehensive Approach to the Governance of Universal Access to Sustainable Energy

“…In the second quadrant (Q2), we focus on the circumstances and characteristics of local customers, in particular, the considerations and choices required to address the development needs of the "last mile": isolated rural communities [43] and the population at the bottom of the pyramid, not only deprived of energy but bound by multiple dimensions of social and economic exclusion. In the third quadrant (Q3), we outline the Integrated Distribution Framework (IDF), as defined by national and regional government electrification and energy planning, financing, regulation, and policy [5, 6,16,44,45]. Finally, in the governance quadrant (Q4), we need to explore the forces and levers that can mobilize all the actors that need to play a role in scaling up and accelerating the rate of electrification and access to modern heat and cooking to achieve the goal of universal supply by 2030.…”

Beyond the grid : post-network energy provision in Rwanda

“…Especially within the last five years the number of publications in this field has increased, though applied studies seem to dominate over research papers. Many case studies focus on renewable energy systems for off-grid electrification, like a special issue of energy for sustainable development on »off-grid electrification in developing countries« (Bhattacharyya 2011), on village solar power in Kenya (Ulsrud et al 2015), mini-grids in Uganda (Eder et al 2015) or payment systems for solar-home-systems in South Africa and Kenya (Lemaire 2011, Rolffs et al 2015, biomass energy in Sub-Saharan Africa (Dasappa 2011) as well as case studies from other regions, like off-grid electrification in Cuba (Cherni & Hill 2009) or in Bangladesh (Bhattacharyya 2013). Another focus lies on the relation of grid and decentralised technologies, as in Kenya (Zeyringer et al 2015) or in a whole series on »electric capitalism« with examples on electricity and capital accumulation in (South) Africa (McDonald 2009).…”