Financing Irrigation

Abstract

For the last 10 years, food security has been coming back to centre stage as a major challenge for future decades. Financing irrigation and drainage is really a broad issue, each main component of which requires specific analysis: investment, operation, maintenance, renewal, rehabilitation and modernization. Questions, and thus answers, differ for funding infrastructures and for paying for water service. Financing setting up, rehabilitation or modernization, operation and maintenance of systems for collective irrigation are considered.The present paper aims to highlight the main lessons learnt from the past, analyse present constraints and trends, and propose in which directions to steer so as to take up the challenge of a sustainable increase in production of more and better food while better preserving ecosystems and natural resources.It RÉSUMÉCes dix dernières années ont vu la question de la sécurité alimentaire revenir au-devant de la scène comme un défi majeur pour les prochaines décades. Financer l'irrigation et le drainage est assurément un sujet très vaste, dont chaque composante requiert une analyse spécifique: investissement, exploitation et maintenance, renouvellement ou rénovation, modernisation. Les questions, et donc les réponses, varient selon qu'il s'agit du financement des investissements ou du paiement pour le service de l'eau. Ces questions sont abordées pour les systèmes collectifs d'irrigation et de drainage. Le présent document a pour but de mettre en évidence les principales leçons à retenir du passé, d'analyser les contraintes et tendances actuelles, et de proposer les directions à suivre pour relever le défi d'une amélioration durable de la production alimentaire, tant en qualité qu'en quantité, tout en préservant mieux les ressources naturelles et les écosystèmes.Il pose la question de savoir quelles doivent être les contributions financières relatives des états-ou de leurs agences ou établissements publics-en d'autres termes des citoyens par l'impôt. Quel peut être le rôle du secteur privé, que ce soit pour financer, construire ou exploiter, dans quels cas et sous quelles conditions? Quelle doit-être la contribution des usagers de l'eau, payeurs in fine? Et quelles autres conditions doivent être remplies pour que les divers dispositifs de financement réussissent, comme par exemple la solidarité entre les usages en fonction de leurs capacités financières respectives?

Sustainability and development after COVID-19

“…Irrigation subsidies lead to over-use of water, inefficiencies and inequality, as irrigation is often allocated by land holding area and thus any subsidies disproportionately benefit larger and wealthier farmers ( Gany, Sharma, & Singh, 2019 ). Two types of subsidies are frequently employed ( Brelle and Dressayre, 2014 , Kjellingbro and Skotte, 2005 , Toan, 2016 , Ward, 2010 ). Irrigation water is often priced below its cost of supply, and may not even cover the operation and maintenance costs of irrigation systems.…”

“…Irrigation also benefits from cross-subsidies from power generation, whereby buyers of hydroelectricity pay for the dam and other infrastructure and the stored water is allocated to irrigation with little cost recovery. Although the amount of such cross-subsidies is unknown, they are used frequently in low and middle-income countries ( Brelle and Dressayre, 2014 , Ward, 2010 ).…”

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“…In fact, when it comes to analysis based on the PPP index, price of a basket of goods and services is no more equal to the exchange rate. Finally, equation 8 can be obtained from conflation of equations 5 and 7 as follows: ∝ = (P wi(USD) ) WEAZP (P wi(USD) ) CA (8) As formerly mentioned, presents all features related to .…”

Micro‐Irrigation in Participatory Mode Pays Huge Dividends—Apmip Experiences, India

“…Brelle and Dressayre () discussed the issues involved in financing irrigation with the aim of taking up the challenge of a sustainable increase in production of more and better food while better preserving ecosystems and natural resources. Questions, and thus answers, differ for funding infrastructures and for paying for water service.…”