Financing specifications production of small and medium enterprises

Abstract

SažetakMala i srednja preduzeća i preduzetnici, naročito proizvodnog tipa, predstavljaju najefikasniji segment privreda u gotovo svim zemljama sveta. Pojedinačno posmatrano, ova preduzeća ostvaruju najveći doprinos povećanju zaposlenosti, bruto dodate vrednosti i prometa zbog čega se smatraju okosnicom rasta i razvoja nacionalnih ekonomija. Njihova uloga je posebno značajna u zemljama u tranziciji koje se suočavaju sa problemima visoke nezaposlenosti, niskog stepena privredne aktivnosti, nedovoljne konkurentnosti i nedostatka investicija, i u kojima su još uvek prisutna velika neefikasna državna preduzeća. Kao stabilan izvor kreiranja novih radnih mesta, mala i srednja preduzeća ostvaruju i važnu socijalnu funkciju tako što apsorbuju viškove radne snage nastale u procesima tranzicije i svojinske transformacije državnih i društvenih preduzeća. Opstanak, rast i razvoj proizvodnih malih i srednjih preduzeća primarno je determinisan mogućnostima finansiranja iz povoljnih izvora. Ograničen pristup izvorima finansiranja i na tržištu novca i na tržištu kapitala, naročito u pogledu cene i uslova korišćenja, predstavlja možda najvažniju odliku i najveći problem ovih preduzeća. Stoga je problematika ovog rada i posvećena specifičnostima finansiranja malih i srednjih preduzeća proizvodnog sektora sa ciljem unapređenja njihovog finansijskog menadžmenta i podrške u donošenju adekvatnih finansijskih odluka. AbstractSmall and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs, especially the production type, represent the most efficient segment of the economy in almost all countries of the world. Individually, these companies make the greatest contribution to increasing employment, gross value added and transport, which is why they are considered the backbone of growth and development of national economies. Their role is particularly significant in transition countries facing high unemployment, low level of economic activity, insufficient competitiveness and lack of investment, and where large inefficient state-owned enterprises are still present. As a stable source of job creation, small and medium-sized enterprises also have an important social function by absorbing labor surpluses in transition processes and ownership transformations of state and social enterprises. The survival, growth and development of manufacturing small and medium enterprises are primarily determined by the possibilities of financing from favorable sources. Limited access to sources of financing both in the money market and in the capital market, especially in terms of price and terms of use, may be the most important feature and biggest problem for these companies. Therefore, the issues of this paper are dedicated to the specificities of financing small and medium-sized enterprises in the production sector in order to improve their financial management and support in making adequate financial decisions.Ključne reči: proizvodnja, rast i razvoj, mala i srednja preduzeća, finansiranje, izvori finansiranja Keywords: production, growth and development, small and medium e...