Finding a needle in the haystack: Regional analysis of suitable Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) forest in Southeast Asia

McShea, William J.; Koy, Kevin; Clements, Thomas; Johnson, Arlyne; Vongkhamheng, Chantavy; Aung, Myint

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.013

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Conservation activities within tropical regions are often hindered by lack of knowledge of the local distribution, ecology and habitat preferences of focal species. Statistical predictive distribution and habitat suitability models can, therefore, benefit conservationists through predicting species distributions at both local (Gibson et al, 2004;Jegannthan et al, 2004) and regional scales (McShea et al, 2005;Gray et al, 2009) and improving understanding of the ecological factors influencing distribution (Lane, Alonso & Mart´ın, 2001;Gray et al, 2007). We have demonstrated the utility of such habitat suitability models for the conservation of poorly known species by providing important information on the local distribution and habitat preferences, including identification of possible minimum fragment size, for the globally Endangered yellow-cheeked crested gibbon within PPWS, Mondulkiri, Cambodia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling species distribution at multiple spatial scales: gibbon habitat preferences in a fragmented landscape

Gray

Channa

Long

2010

Animal Conservation

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Conservation of Indochinese primates is hampered by a lack of knowledge of species ecology, habitat preferences and, locally, distribution. Predictive distribution and habitat suitability models, using predictors known to affect the distribution of similar species elsewhere, may, therefore be of great benefit to conservationists within the region. Yellow-cheeked crested gibbon Nomascus gabriellae is an IUCN-listed endangered primate distributed east of the Mekong River in Cambodia, southern Vietnam, and possibly southern Lao PDR. Within Cambodia, yellow-cheeked crested gibbon are naturally restricted to evergreen forest fragments within a landscape matrix of deciduous dipterocarp and semievergreen forests. During the 2008 dry season, auditory surveys for yellow-cheeked crested gibbon were conducted within Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Mondulkiri province, Cambodia. Predictive distribution models, in which variables were included at the scale at which they best explained gibbon occurrence (multi-grain models), were constructed to examine the species' habitat associations and tolerance of habitat fragmentation within the wildlife sanctuary. Gibbon occupancy ( j) was higher in evergreen (0.43 AE 0.26-0.62) than in semi-evergreen forest (0.21 AE 0.09-0.4), with gibbon presence constrained by a critical amount of evergreen forest within 5 km radius of listening posts. Three patches of optimal habitat within Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary were identified. These, and connecting habitats, should be the target of increased enforcement effort to limit hunting and habitat conversion. Similar multi-grain models are likely to be valuable for conservationists within mosaic habitats as they can facilitate identification of the minimum suitable fragment size for species of conservation concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling species distribution at multiple spatial scales: gibbon habitat preferences in a fragmented landscape

Gray

Channa

Long

2010

Animal Conservation

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“…In addition to diminishing suitable habitat for flora and fauna, deforestation also creates habitat fragmentation, reduces patch size, and isolates suitable habitats [13,14]. Larger mammals are more vulnerable than medium-and small-sized species [15][16][17][18]. This is the case for plant diversity as well [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Land-Use/Land-Cover Change from Socio-Economic Drivers and Their Impact on Biodiversity in Nan Province, Thailand

2019

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The rate of deforestation declined steadily in Thailand since the year 2000 due to economic transformation away from forestry. However, these changes did not occur in Nan Province located in northern Thailand. Deforestation is expected to continue due to high demand for forest products and increased agribusiness. The objectives of this paper are (1) to predict land-use change in the province based on trends, market-based and conservation scenarios, (2) to quantify biodiversity, and (3) to identify biodiversity hotspots at greatest risk for future deforestation. This study used a dynamic land-use change model (Dyna-CLUE) to allocate aggregated land demand for three scenarios and employed FRAGSTATS to determine the spatial pattern of land-use change. In addition, the InVEST Global Biodiversity Assessment Model framework was used to estimate biodiversity expressed as the remaining mean species abundance (MSA) relative to their abundance in the pristine reference condition. Risk of deforestation and the MSA values were combined to determine biodiversity hotspots across the landscape at greatest risk. The results revealed that most of the forest cover in 2030 would remain in the west and east of the province, which are rugged and not easily accessible, as well as in protected areas. MSA values are predicted to decrease from 0.41 in 2009 to 0.29, 0.35, and 0.40, respectively, under the trends, market-based and conservation scenarios in 2030. In addition, the low, medium, and high biodiversity zones cover 46, 49 and 6% of Nan Province. Protected areas substantially contribute to maintaining forest cover and greater biodiversity. Important measures to protect remaining cover and maintain biodiversity include patrolling at-risk deforestation areas, reduction of road expansion in pristine forest areas, and promotion of incentive schemes for farmers to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems.Sustainability 2019, 11, 649 2 of 22 or NESDP [4] focused on commercial crops for international trade. This national policy resulted in a rapid increase of cultivated land area by two-fold, from 15% in 1961 to 31% in 1980 [5]. In addition, the agricultural sector contributed more than 25% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Thailand [6] and more than 70% of the total population worked in the agricultural sector [7].Since 1980, Thailand's national policies have shifted from an agriculture-based economy to manufacturing and service sectors. Thailand is currently in the fourth stage (Thailand 4.0) in which the economy moved towards value-based and innovative products [8]. The contribution of the service sector now accounts for over 50% of the total GDP. In contrast, the contribution of the agricultural sector dropped below 10% after 1990 [6]. Nevertheless, a large proportion of the labor force (56% of total population) is involved in the agricultural sector [7].Agricultural and economic development policies resulted in both positive and negative consequences. In addition, agricultural policies largely maximize economic return, while degrade b...

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“…These changes led to the emergence of commercial hunting as a new and perhaps lasting primary livelihood strategy, which drove wildlife declines during the conflict period and continues to threaten wildlife in the post-conflict era. Moreover, the potential for post-conflict recovery of wildlife is hindered not only by depauperate wildlife populations (Duckworth & Hedges 1998;Leimgruber et al 2003;McShea et al 2005) and the prevalence of commercial wildlife hunting (Singh et al 2006), but also by the conflict-induced loss of administrative capacity and functional governance systems. Cambodia has recently adopted several national policies that directly or indirectly conserve wildlife (e.g., establishing a protected area system, implementing a national gun confiscation program, developing a national biodiversity strategy) (Table 3) (Oul & Cheam 2005), but these post-conflict conservation efforts have met with limited local success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife decline in Cambodia, 1953–2005: exploring the legacy of armed conflict

Loucks

Mascia

Maxwell

et al. 2009

Conservation Letters

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Armed conflict is a social phenomenon often detrimental to wildlife and wildlife habitat, but the legacy of armed conflict for wildlife in post-conflict settings remains unexplored. We explore the effects of armed conflict on wildlife in eastern Cambodia, particularly the relationships among wildlife abundance, habitat loss, technological change, trade, governance, and local livelihood strategies. Based on ordinal-scale measures, both relative wildlife abundance and species richness declined from pre-1953 to 2005, with the sharpest declines occurring during the 1970s. These declines are consistent with three synergistic social processes: proliferation of guns; emergence of wildlife trade for external markets; and government policies mandating hunting by local villagers. Armed conflict officially ceased in 1991, but conflict-induced changes in livelihoods and continuing non-local demand for wildlife have fostered further wildlife declines. Our study demonstrates that the legacy of conflict for wildlife can be profound and destructive. To address post-conflict challenges more effectively, conservation must be integrated within broader peacebuilding processes, including disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of combatants.

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Finding a needle in the haystack: Regional analysis of suitable Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) forest in Southeast Asia

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Modelling species distribution at multiple spatial scales: gibbon habitat preferences in a fragmented landscape

Modelling species distribution at multiple spatial scales: gibbon habitat preferences in a fragmented landscape

Land-Use/Land-Cover Change from Socio-Economic Drivers and Their Impact on Biodiversity in Nan Province, Thailand

Wildlife decline in Cambodia, 1953–2005: exploring the legacy of armed conflict

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