“…In the range of [1, 1024], [1,2000], [1,2048], [1,4096] proposed GADSA has obtained the best results compare to the other existing methods. Table 1 Comparison of best results obtained by the former version of (GA [11,12], PSO [14]), AIS [13], Quaternary, Binary and proposed GADSA Table 3 shows average length of addition chain for proposed GADSA vs. Binary, Quaternary technique where GADSA obtained shortest addition chain in exponent size compare to the Binary and Quaternary techniques. Table 3 Average length of addition chain for proposed GADSA vs. Binary, Quaternary method Table 4 shows addition chains for some of the special class of exponent.…”