Finding, retrieving and evaluating journal and web‐based information for evidence‐based optometry

Graham, Ann-Maree

doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00148.x

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…We assessed the scope, content, accuracy, as well as the authority and relevance of the articles, reports and web-based material used in this paper following guidance for finding, retrieving and evaluating journal and web based information (Graham 2007;Metzger 2007). Most sources were from peer reviewed journals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Current State of Women’s Leadership in Higher Education in Saudi Arabia and a Proposal for Future Research Directions

Alsubaie

Jones

2017

Administrative Sciences

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Despite the predominance of perspectives on women's leadership, which consistently emphasize the underrepresentation of women in virtually every sphere of political and economic life in countries around the world, very little is known about women's leadership, especially in higher education, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This has resulted in a gap in the literature, since higher education is one area of employment where Saudi women have made progress, and in spite of complex social, religious, cultural and organisational barriers, some have broken through the glass ceiling into higher education leadership. One goal of this paper is to highlight, through a synthesis of existing literature, the current state of women's higher education leadership in Saudi Arabia. The second goal of this paper is to propose new directions for future research to address the current dearth of empirical work on women's leadership in higher education in Saudi Arabia. This may be relevant to other regions of the Middle East and elsewhere.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Current State of Women’s Leadership in Higher Education in Saudi Arabia and a Proposal for Future Research Directions

Alsubaie

Jones

2017

Administrative Sciences

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“…Systematic reviews are available in evidence‐based journals and also from websites devoted to evidence‐based clinical practice, such as the Cochrane Library 7 . The various sources of information relevant to optometry are presented in another article in this issue of Clinical and Experimental Optometry 8 …”

Section: Clinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of evidence‐based practice in optometry

Anderton

2007

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Health and medical practice has been generically 'evidence based' since the emergence of the modern scientific disciplines of physiology, pharmacology, microbiology, biochemistry, pathology and human anatomy between the 17th and 20th Centuries. Before this, physicians relied on traditional treatments, often based in the historically resilient but scientifically untenable humoral dogma of Galen and Hippocrates. Despite the emergence of the basic medical sciences, the dominance of tradition over science in medical practice was aptly illustrated by the fact that the common use of phlebotomy ('bleeding') to treat respiratory ailments persisted well into the 19th Century. The more recent evidence-based movement in clinical practice focuses explicitly on the use of relevant research such as robust clinical trials to direct decisionmaking, as opposed to tradition, habit and 'expert opinion'. Evidence-based practice in health care has been defined as 'the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in decisionmaking'.2 While there has been some controversy and disagreement about the benefit of such an approach, 3 it has been adopted by other health professions and deserves to be investigated thoroughly as a possible aid to assist clinical decisionmaking in optometry. In this article, I examine the nature of this contemporary evidence-based philosophy of clinical practice and how it might be applied to primary-care optometry. CLINICAL EVIDENCEIn relation to clinical practice, the term 'evidence' is used specifically to refer to sources of knowledge that are relevant to the practical solution for a clinical problem. Such problems may be very specific, such as a decision on which available treatment will provide the best outcome for a particular condition and patient, or they might be general, such as the choice of the best examination procedure to minimise risk of misdiagnosis or failure to detect disease.National health authorities recognise formal categories of clinical evidence and these are regularly reviewed and ranked in order of apparent strength. In Australia the National Health and Medical Research Council 4 (NH&MRC) recognises six different categories of clinical evidence, as shown in Table 1.A previous NH&MRC list included another item, 'opinion of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies or reports of expert committees', but this was discarded in 1999. Evidence-based practice in health care requires that treatment decisions be supported by high-quality clinical evidence, preferably involving well-designed large-scale clinical trials of the various treatment options. How does this relate to everyday primary-care optometry? This article provides a background to the emergence of the 'evidence-based' movement and investigates areas where the efficacy of clinical optometry might be improved by an evidence-based approach. It is argued that evidence-based practice is appropriate for all aspects of optometry but it may be most useful in the selection of treatments...

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“…Evidence‐based practice means integrating the best available clinical research evidence with individual clinical expertise 1,2 and is the dominant approach used in medicine and becoming increasingly important in allied professions, including optometry 3–5 . The approach was likely started by Archie Cochrane, a Scottish physician and epidemiologist and his influential book, Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This plethora of information available to patients nowadays means that practitioners must increasingly be aware of the latest research findings regarding conditions and their treatments. They must also be able to correctly interpret that evidence 4 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the research evidence base is typically evaluated by academic researchers who then write review articles, books and give lectures and this seems to be the preferred source of information for many optometrists 11 . The other route for optometrists to use evidence‐based practice is to review the research literature themselves 4,11 . For UK College members this would include the College’s research journal Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics and the CPD journal Optometry in Practice and for members of the American Academy of Optometry, this would include Optometry & Vision Science .…”

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confidence: 99%

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