Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super‐Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring

Durant, Fallon; Whited, Jessica L.

doi:10.1002/advs.202100407

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…Although multiple animals have limited capabilities to regenerate, the axolotl has devised unique, extensive, and elegant methods of regenerating multiple tissues (Table 1). [111][112][113] Here, we will focus on a subset of regeneration studies that span both historical and current work. Neoteny places axolotls at a unique intersection of developmental and regenerative research potential.…”

Section: The Ultimate Regeneratormentioning

confidence: 99%

The amazing and anomalous axolotls as scientific models

Adamson

Morrison-Welch

Rogers

2022

Developmental Dynamics

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Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) embryos and juveniles have been used as model organisms for developmental and regenerative research for many years. This neotenic aquatic species maintains the unique capability to regenerate most, if not all, of its tissues well into adulthood. With large externally developing embryos, axolotls were one of the original model species for developmental biology. However, increased access to, and use of, organisms with sequenced and annotated genomes, such as Xenopus laevis and tropicalis and Danio rerio, reduced the prevalence of axolotls as models in embryogenesis studies. Recent sequencing of the large axolotl genome opens up new possibilities for defining the recipes that drive the formation and regeneration of tissues like the limbs and spinal cord. However, to decode the large A. mexicanum genome will take a herculean effort, community resources, and the development of novel techniques. Here, we provide an updated axolotl‐staging chart ranging from one‐cell stage to immature adult, paired with a perspective on both historical and current axolotl research that spans from their use in early studies of development to the recent cutting‐edge research, employment of transgenesis, high‐resolution imaging, and study of mechanisms deployed in regeneration.

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Section: The Ultimate Regeneratormentioning

confidence: 99%

The amazing and anomalous axolotls as scientific models

Adamson

Morrison-Welch

Rogers

2022

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Furthermore, species capable of scar-free healing are more resistant to oxidative stress and downregulate CS. 63,64 Interestingly, fetal and newborn wounds are characterized by rapid and scarless healing. 23 As transient senescence during embryonic development is distinct from chronic senescence associated with aging and contributes to tissue remodeling, 20,21 deeper investigation of the developmentally programmed senescence may provide cues to novel approaches to improving wound healing and cosmetic outcomes in the adult population.…”

Section: Pathological Scarring and Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, species capable of scar-free healing are more resistant to oxidative stress and downregulate CS. 63,64…”

Section: The Relevance Of Cellular Senescence To Plastic Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Senescence in Aging, Tissue Repair, and Regeneration

Shvedova

Thanapaul

Thompson

et al. 2021

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Summary: Society and our healthcare system are facing unprecedented challenges due to the expansion of the older population. As plastic surgeons, we can improve care of our older patients through understanding the mechanisms of aging that inevitably impact their outcomes and well-being. One of the major hallmarks of aging, cellular senescence, has recently become the focus of vigorous research in academia and industry. Senescent cells, which are metabolically active but in a state of stable cell cycle arrest, are implicated in causing aging and numerous age-related diseases. Further characterization of the biology of senescence revealed that it can be both detrimental and beneficial to organisms depending on tissue context and senescence chronicity. Here, we review the role of cellular senescence in aging, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and other domains relevant to plastic surgery. We also review the current state of research on therapeutics that modulate senescence to improve conditions of aging.

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“…Wound repair is a highly complex set of events involving precise coordination between homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling [25,26]. Improper repair and healing results in numerous pathologies while perfect repair (no scarring) is seen in fetal tissues and many organisms that show full regeneration [26][27][28][29]. Thus, understanding wound repair not only holds the promise of remedying ailments such as chronic wounds but also gain insights for triggering latent regenerative abilities of tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Biophysical Sensors and Actuators that Influence Wound Healing in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons

Pai¹,

Cooper²,

Levin³

2022

Preprint

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All living cells maintain a charge distribution across their cell membrane (membrane potential) by carefully controlled ion fluxes. These bioelectric signals regulate cell behavior (such as migration, proliferation, differentiation) as well as higher-level tissue and organ patterning. Thus, voltage gradients represent an important parameter for diagnostics as well as a promising target for therapeutic interventions in birth defects, injury, and cancer. However, despite much progress in cell and molecular biology, little is known about bioelectric states in human stem cells. Here, we present simple methods to simultaneously track ion dynamics, membrane voltage, cell morphology, and cell activity (pH and ROS), using fluorescent reporter dyes in living human neurons derived from induced neural stem cells (hiNSC). We developed and tested functional protocols for manipulating ion fluxes, membrane potential, and cell activity, and tracking neural responses to wounding and re-innervation in vitro. Finally, using morphology sensor, we tested and quantified the ability of physiological actuators (neurotransmitters and pH) to manipulate nerve wound re-innervation. These methods are not specific to a particular cell type and should be broadly applicable to the study of bioelectrical controls across a wide range of combinations of models and endpoints.

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Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super‐Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring

Cited by 25 publications

References 213 publications

The amazing and anomalous axolotls as scientific models

The amazing and anomalous axolotls as scientific models

Cellular Senescence in Aging, Tissue Repair, and Regeneration

Screening Biophysical Sensors and Actuators that Influence Wound Healing in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons

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