Findings From the Pittsburgh Youth Study: Cognitive Impulsivity and Intelligence as Predictors of the Age–Crime Curve

Loeber, Rolf; Menting, Barbara; Lynam, Donald R.; Moffitt, Terrie E.; Stouthamer‐Loeber, Magda; Stallings, Rebecca; Farrington, David P.; Pardini, Dustin A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.019

Cited by 150 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This is an important finding as it is an indication that, at least in this sample, offender type does not affect general impulsivity; all groups self-reported equal general impulsivity. Impulsivity has been linked to crime by various researchers (Loeber et al, 2012;Lynam et al, 2000) and these results indicate cognitive behavioral interventions targeting impulsivity to improve self-control may be beneficial in reducing general recidivism among all types of offenders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Differentiating Sexual Offender Type on Measures of Impulsivity and Compulsivity

Ryan

Huss

Scalora

2016

Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Differentiating Sexual Offender Type on Measures of Impulsivity and Compulsivity

Ryan

Huss

Scalora

2016

Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity

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“…These youth are less likely to use drugs, be arrested for and convicted of crimes, and develop psychiatric disorders. In early adulthood, these youth also show better physical health (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). These associations are generally independent of confounds like demographic characteristics, general intelligence, and psychiatric history.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Self-control forecasts better psychosocial outcomes but faster epigenetic aging in low-SES youth

Miller

Chen

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

216

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There are persistent socioeconomic disparities in many aspects of child development in America. Relative to their affluent peers, children of low socioeconomic status (SES) complete fewer years of education, have a higher prevalence of health problems, and are convicted of more criminal offenses. Based on research indicating that low self-control underlies some of these disparities, policymakers have begun incorporating character-skills training into school curricula and social services. However, emerging data suggest that for low-SES youth, self-control may act as a "double-edged sword," facilitating academic success and psychosocial adjustment, while at the same time undermining physical health. Here, we examine this hypothesis in a five-wave study of 292 African American teenagers from rural Georgia. From ages 17 to 20 y, we assessed SES and self-control annually, along with depressive symptoms, substance use, aggressive behavior, and internalizing problems. At age 22 y, we obtained DNA methylation profiles of subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These data were used to measure epigenetic aging, a methylationderived biomarker reflecting the disparity between biological and chronological aging. Among high-SES youth, better mid-adolescent self-control presaged favorable psychological and methylation outcomes. However, among low-SES youth, self-control had divergent associations with these outcomes. Self-control forecasted lower rates of depressive symptoms, substance use, aggressive behavior, and internalizing problems but faster epigenetic aging. These patterns suggest that for low-SES youth, resilience is a "skin-deep" phenomenon, wherein outward indicators of success can mask emerging problems with health. These findings have conceptual implications for models of resilience, and practical implications for interventions aimed at ameliorating social and racial disparities.health disparities | resilience | stress | poverty | aging

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“…The first behavioral pathway through which lead exposure might affect crime is by reducing exposed individuals' impulse control (Loeber et al, 2012). Several studies have shown that lead exposure is associated with a range of conduct problems (Marcus et al, 2010).…”

Section: Lead Exposure Cognition and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead exposure and violent crime in the early twentieth century

Feigenbaum

Muller

2016

Explorations in Economic History

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a b s t r a c tIn the second half of the nineteenth century, many American cities built water systems using lead or iron service pipes. Municipal water systems generated significant public health improvements, but these improvements may have been partially offset by the damaging effects of lead exposure through lead water pipes. We study the effect of cities' use of lead pipes on homicide between 1921 and 1936. Lead water pipes exposed entire city populations to much higher doses of lead than have previously been studied in relation to crime. Our estimates suggest that cities' use of lead service pipes considerably increased city-level homicide rates.

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Findings From the Pittsburgh Youth Study: Cognitive Impulsivity and Intelligence as Predictors of the Age–Crime Curve

Cited by 150 publications

References 45 publications

Differentiating Sexual Offender Type on Measures of Impulsivity and Compulsivity

Differentiating Sexual Offender Type on Measures of Impulsivity and Compulsivity

Self-control forecasts better psychosocial outcomes but faster epigenetic aging in low-SES youth

Lead exposure and violent crime in the early twentieth century

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