Findings of Personalized Ventilation Studies in a Hot and Humid Climate

Sekhar, S. Chandra; Gong, Nan; Tham, Kwok Wai; Cheong, David; Melikov, Arsen Krikor; Wyon, David Peter; Fanger, Povl Ole

doi:10.1080/10789669.2005.10391157

Cited by 75 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, use of the thermal manikins available today, with simulated sweat glands on the surface areas corresponding to the site of the human skin where they are most dense, can be considered. A considerable number of studies focused on the use of fans to cool people in a warm environment (McIntyre 1978;Rohles et al 1983;Jones et al 1986;Tanabe and Kimura 1987;Scheatzle et al 1989;Bauman et al 1993;Melikov et al 1994aMelikov et al , 1994bFountain et al 1994;Arens et al 1998;Szokolay 1998;Tsuzuki et al 1999;Khedari et al 2000;Hayashi et al 2004;Sekhar et al 2005;Aynsley 2005 andAtthajariyakul and Lertsatittanakorn 2008;Sun et al 2007 andWatanabe et al 2009). Only in one study was the fan power reported (Sun et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of a Cooling-Fan Efficiency Index

Schiavon

Melikov²

2009

HVAC&R Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of a Cooling-Fan Efficiency Index

Schiavon

Melikov²

2009

HVAC&R Research

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“…However, elevated air movement can enhance thermal comfort in warm environments [3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The use of fans for cooling may be more feasible in tropical than in temperate climates because tropically acclimatized people prefer slightly higher air movement and slightly cool thermal sensation [7,20]. A comprehensive literature review on thermal comfort research conducted over the past twenty years has documented the theoretical and empirical support for using cooling fans [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling efficiency of a brushless direct current stand fan

Yang

Schiavon

Sekhar

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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HIGHLIGHTS Cooling fan efficiency (CFE) index quantifies fan performance.  CFE index is influenced by temperature, fan speed setting, and fan-manikin distance.  CFE has a non-monotonic relationship with fan speed.  CFE index of a brushless DC fan is three times better than that of an AC fan. ABSTRACTIn warm environments, isothermal cooling by deliberately enhanced air movement can maintain thermal comfort using less energy than compressor-based air conditioning. To evaluate the performance of a brushless direct current (DC) stand fan, the cooling fan efficiency (CFE) index was measured in a climatic chamber under four dry-bulb temperatures (24, 26, 28, and 30 C), six speed settings (corresponding to centreline speeds in the range 0.6-2.5 m/s at 1 m distance), two fan-manikin distances (1 and 2 m) and two orientations (front, side). The CFE index is defined as the ratio of the whole-body cooling effect generated by non-uniform airflow from the fan to its power consumption (°C/W). The CFE index overcomes the limitations of assessing the cooling effect based just on a few air speed measurements. The results show that the CFE index is influenced by dry-bulb temperature, fan speed setting, and fan-manikin distance, but not by fan-manikin orientation. The lower the temperature and the closer the fan, the higher is the CFE index. Increasing fan speed setting simultaneously enhances whole-body cooling and increases power use. Consequently, the CFE has a non-monotonic relationship with fan speed setting and the peak value is reached for an intermediate speed.As compared with previous testing results using an alternating current stand fan, the CFE index of the DC fan we tested is three times higher. As a complement to air-conditioning, the tested stand fan is a suitable energy-efficient technology for providing thermal comfort in warm environments.Keywords: Cooling fan efficiency index; Thermal manikin; Equivalent temperature; Thermal comfort; Air movement IntroductionElevated air speed is an effective method of cooling people in moderately warm indoor environments. An electrically powered mechanical fan can be used to enhance airspeed near people to cool them. Cooling fans can be used instead of, or to augment, compressor-based air-conditioning systems to contribute to occupant thermal comfort by means of isothermal cooling [1][2][3]. Furthermore, personal control over one's thermal environment can increase comfort, satisfaction and self-reported productivity [4][5][6]. Cooling fans are well-suited to provide personal control. Cooling the human body by means of elevated air movement under high dry-bulb temperature conditions contributes to substantial energy savings [7][8][9]. In cold environments, elevated air movement causes draft, defined as unwanted local cooling [10]. However, elevated air movement can enhance thermal comfort in warm environments [3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The use of fans for cooling may be more feasible in tropical than in temperate climates because tropically acclimatiz...

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“…It supplies fresh air directly to occupant's breathing zone. The combined effect of PV and main air-conditioning helps to enhance IAQ acceptability by the occupants (Sekhar et al, 2005). A decrease in work performance can relate to an increase in pollutant load in indoor air quality.…”

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Occupant productivity and office indoor environment quality: A review of the literature

Horr

Arif

Kaushik

et al. 2016

Building and Environment

634

369

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The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature to draw an understanding of the relationship between indoor environmental quality and occupant productivity in an office environment. The study reviews over 300 papers from 67 journals, conference articles and books focusing on indoor environment, occupant comfort, productivity and green buildings. It limits its focus to the physical aspects of an office environment. The literature outlines eight Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) factors that influence occupant productivity in an office environment. It also discusses different physical parameters under each of the IEQ factors. It proposes a conceptual model of different factors affecting occupant productivity. The study also presents a review of the data collection methods utilised by the research studies that aim to investigate the relationship between IEQ and occupant productivity. The study presents a comprehensive discussion and analysis of different IEQ factors that affect occupant productivity. The paper provides a concise starting point for future researchers interested in the area of indoor environmental quality. Keywords: occupant productivity, workplace satisfaction, indoor environment quality, occupant comfortPaper type: Literature review IntroductionHumans spend most of their time indoors, and the majority of the world's population lives in urban areas and work in an office environment (ASHRAE, 1993). There has been a significant global shift in the economy from the manufacturing sector towards the service and knowledge-based sectors which operate in indoor office environments (Haynes, 2008b, World Green Building Council, 2014. Hence, it is becoming important to understand the indoor office environment and the effect it has on occupant productivity. An office environment has a high level of influence on its occupants' productivity (Leaman and Bordass, 1999, Frontczak et al., 2012, Roelofsen, 2002, Mawson, 2002, Van der Voordt, 2004. Past studies on sustainable buildings postulate that green design strategies and technologies enhance the indoor workplace environment. Such strategies/technologies enable the creation of an environment which favours occupants' comfort and performance in both newly built and retrofitted buildings (Romm and Browning, 1994). The majority of the building stock that will exist in 2050 has already been built (2009). Thus, there is a need to investigate the quality of the indoor workplace environment and its relationship to occupant productivity. This paper establishes the state-of-the-art on environmental factors that influence occupant productivity in the office environment. It also highlights and discusses various occupant productivity measurement methods used in indoor environment research studies. This research will help construction industry professionals improve the designs that allow better operation of office buildings along with improving the productivity of the occupants. BackgroundThe research on the direct and indirect effects of indoor environ...

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Findings of Personalized Ventilation Studies in a Hot and Humid Climate

Cited by 75 publications

References 11 publications

Introduction of a Cooling-Fan Efficiency Index

Introduction of a Cooling-Fan Efficiency Index

Cooling efficiency of a brushless direct current stand fan

Occupant productivity and office indoor environment quality: A review of the literature

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