Fine (Cr,Fe)2B borides on grain boundaries in a 10Cr–0.01B martensitic steel

Fedorova, Irina; Liu, Fang; Grumsen, Flemming Bjerg; Cao, Yu; Mishin, Oleg; Hald, John

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.07.021

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Tiny particles are apparent in the matrix and on the front of boride columns. These tiny boride particles are generally present at high-angle prior-austenitic grain boundaries [4].…”

Section: Phase Analysis Microstructure and Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boronizing, a thermo-chemical treatment, is accompanied by the controlled diffusion of boron into the metal surface producing different phases of metal borides (M-B, M = Fe, Cr, Ti, Ni, V, Mo, Mn, W, etc.) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. A considerable improvement in the quality of the surface layer is possible through combining the boronizing treatment with other surface treatments (like borocaburising, laser treatment on the boronized surface, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There, the alloying elements can lead to the formation of a mixed boride phase in the layer. The boronizing treatment of Fe-Cr alloy causes the formation (Fe, Cr)B phase at the top and (Fe, Cr) 2 B phase beneath it [4]. The presence of Mo within the matrix promotes the precipitation of Mo 2 FeB 2 in the boride layer [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pack-boriding of low alloy steel: microstructure evolution and migration behaviour of alloying elements

Litoria

Figueroa

Bim

et al. 2019

Philosophical Magazine

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Low alloy steel was pack-borided at different processing temperatures (at 850, 950, and 1050 o C) and times (2, 4, and 6 h). The microstructural characterization of boronized steel showed the presence of three zones, namely boronized region containing finer grains and columnar geometry of (Fe, M) 2 B (where M = Cr, Mn, Mo, and Ni), transition zone, and non-boronized core. The concentrations of the alloying elements in (Fe, M) 2 B were increased from the surface to the core of the specimen. The pattern of slope variation of boron concentration-depth profile (obtained using GDOES) was linked with the boride morphology and process temperature. Pack-boriding of steel led to the development of systematic trend in slope variation of overall concentrationdepth profiles of the alloying elements. The composition and morphology of boride affected the trend of slope variation for the boride-forming alloying elements. However, for Al and Si, the trend of slope variation was connected to the boride morphology and the composition of the matrix. Chemistry of the matrix was strongly dependent on the migration kinetics of the alloying elements during the boride growth. The migration kinetics of Cr, Mn, Mo, and C were found almost equivalent to the rate of boride growth. However, Ni, Al, and Si were migrated at a slower rate. Si showed the lowest migration kinetics among the alloying elements. The concentrations of the alloying elements having higher migration kinetics remained constant in the matrix during the boride growth.

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“…Tiny particles are apparent in the matrix and on the front of boride columns. These tiny boride particles are generally present at high-angle prior-austenitic grain boundaries [4].…”

Section: Phase Analysis Microstructure and Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pack-boriding of low alloy steel: microstructure evolution and migration behaviour of alloying elements

Litoria

Figueroa

Bim

et al. 2019

Philosophical Magazine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5e), which has an even higher evaporation field, the wide B profile seems to partially reflect the real B distribution. APT has been proven to be a very powerful tool for understanding the mechanisms of B segregation (e.g., Li et al, 2015; Fedorova et al, 2017, 2018; Miyamoto et al, 2018), however, remarkable discrepancies were found between the experimental results and theoretical prediction, thus further work combining experiment and theory is required to gain a better understanding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Boron in 9–12% Chromium Steels Using Atom Probe Tomography

Fedorova

Grumsen²,

Hald³

et al. 2019

Microsc Microanal

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Small additions of boron can remarkably improve the long-term creep resistance of 9–12% Cr steels. The improvement has been attributed to boron segregation to grain boundaries during quenching, and subsequent boron incorporation into certain families of precipitates during tempering. However, the detailed mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Atom probe tomography (APT) is an excellent technique for gaining insights into boron distribution, however, in order to acquire accurate analysis of boron in 9–12% Cr steels using APT, there are several key challenges. In order to better understand and address these challenges, we developed a novel method for site-specific APT specimen preparation, which enables convenient preparation of specimens containing specifically selected grain boundaries positioned approximately perpendicular to the axis of the APT tip. Additionally, when analyzing boron at boundaries and in carbides (as diluted solute) and borides, a widening of the profile of boron distribution compared to other elements was repeatedly observed. This phenomenon is particularly analyzed and discussed in light of the evaporation field of different elements. Finally, the possible effects of detector dead-time on quantitative analysis of boron in metal borides are discussed. A simple method using 10B correction was used to obtain good quantification.

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“…Moreover, it is possible to obtain a material whose properties have lesser decrease in ductility and impact toughness as the boron content increases compared with similar boron-containing cast/wrought borated stainless steels. The application of boron in powder metallurgy as addition to ferrous alloys has been of interest to numerous researchers over the last years [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The main cause of this interest is the eutectic reaction between iron and boron, resulting in the appearance of a liquid phase which efficiently improves mass transport by intensifying a diffusion process [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Formation of TiB2 in Fe-B System with Titanium Addition and Its Influence on Phase Composition, Sintering Process and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2019

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Interaction of iron and boron at elevated temperatures results in the formation of an E (Fe + Fe 2 B) eutectic phase that plays a great role in enhancing mass transport phenomena during thermal annealing and therefore in the densification of sintered compacts. When cooled down, this phase solidifies as interconnected hard and brittle material consisting of a continuous network of Fe 2 B borides formed at the grain boundaries. To increase ductile behaviour, a change in precipitates' stoichiometry was investigated by partially replacing iron borides by titanium borides. The powder of elemental titanium was introduced to blend of iron and boron powders in order to induce TiB 2 in situ formation. Titanium addition influence on microstructure, phase composition, density and mechanical properties was investigated. The observations were supported with thermodynamic calculations. The change in phase composition was analysed by means of dilatometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled with thermodynamic calculations. 235 maximum force (Figure 9a,b) and hence, the TRS as well (Figure 9c). Other additions of titanium (A 236 and B) show intermediate states-samples with 0.47 wt % titanium addition (A) show a decrease of

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Fine (Cr,Fe)2B borides on grain boundaries in a 10Cr–0.01B martensitic steel

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Pack-boriding of low alloy steel: microstructure evolution and migration behaviour of alloying elements

Pack-boriding of low alloy steel: microstructure evolution and migration behaviour of alloying elements

Analyzing Boron in 9–12% Chromium Steels Using Atom Probe Tomography

In Situ Formation of TiB2 in Fe-B System with Titanium Addition and Its Influence on Phase Composition, Sintering Process and Mechanical Properties

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