Fine details on the surface of human hair

Swift, J. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1991.tb00558.x

Cited by 71 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1, we observed scale lift on the hair surface with a combination of primary and secondary damages. In addition, Swift proposed the hypothesis that physical force when washing and combing hair causes fractures of the cuticle (16). We also confirmed exfoliation of cuticles after repeated physical and environmental treatment (Fig.…”

Section: Fig 5 Amount Of Extracted Protein After Hair Stresssupporting

confidence: 81%

Influence of Oxidative and/or Reductive Treatment on Human Hair (I): Analysis of Hair-Damage after Oxidative and/or Reductive Treatment

et al. 2003

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Section: Fig 5 Amount Of Extracted Protein After Hair Stresssupporting

confidence: 81%

Influence of Oxidative and/or Reductive Treatment on Human Hair (I): Analysis of Hair-Damage after Oxidative and/or Reductive Treatment

et al. 2003

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“…4, 5, 10, and 11). Their presence in the root-end regions of human hair has been noted in previous SEM studies (Swift 1991), but they were usually poorly defined and sometimes impossible to discern with this instrument as a feature consistently associated with early erosions of the scale edges.…”

Section: Scale Edge Ghostssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Since its initial development over 30 years ago, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has provided valuable knowledge about the detailed architecture of the human hair surface (Swift 1991). Head hair grows at approximately 10 mm per month.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy of human hair

Swift

Smith

2000

Scanning

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Summary:The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to investigate the surface architecture of the entire lengths of cleaned human head hairs. Many features previously seen with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were identified. However, the AFM has provided much greater detail and, in particular, the hair's cuticular surfaces appear not to be as smooth as had been previously supposed. A consistent feature was of step discontinuities or "ghosts" on the scale surfaces. These delineated the original location of each overlying scale before its edge had been chipped away. There was a change in the longitudinal angular presentation of the surfaces about each ghost. This means the distal ends of each cuticle cell have been synthesised in the follicle to be thicker than where that same cuticle cell is bounded on both sides by other cuticle cells. The undamaged outer cuticular surfaces at the root end of each hair were covered everywhere by longitudinal ridges (striations). Where the hair surface was worn, the striations terminated at a scale edge ghost. The ridges were approximately 9 nm high and were in parallel array with a lateral repeat spacing of about 350 nm. The striations are evidently formed on the outer surface of each cuticle cell following earlier contact in the hair follicle with the inner root sheath. The study of stained transverse sections of hairs in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) is suggested as a means for throwing some light on the underlying structure and chemistry of the striations. Finally, our AFM studies have revealed that the surface of the freshly emergent hair gradually changes over a distance of about 20 mm and that the surface of the hair for most of its length is quite different from that near the root. This is likely to be of import to those engaged in the hair toiletries industry.

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“…Many studies show that this assembled structure has a bandgap in its nanoaggregates [4,[7][8][9], producing hair color [10]. Its disaggregation and structure modification by adsorbed water modulates different color shades [5,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the chemical structure of hair melanin is still unknown [4,5], it is known that these granules possess a hierarchical structure, composed by the self-assembly of several minor constituents [6]. Many studies show that this assembled structure has a bandgap in its nanoaggregates [4,[7][8][9], producing hair color [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%