Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the adrenal glands: A ten-year experience

Adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer

“…Aspiration cytology under radiological guidance is regarded as a useful tool in resolving these diagnostic problems [11]. However, there are reports of unsatisfactory samples in 0-37% of cases [12,13]. In our study group, we did not perform fine needle aspiration because of the possibility of a significant morbidity, with recorded complications such as pneumothorax, septicaemia, and hemorrhage in 8-13% of patients [11].…”

The Weiss system for evaluating adrenocortical neoplasms: 25 years later

“…The primary indication for adrenal FNA is for diagnostic evaluation of suspected metastatic disease in patients with a history of extra adrenal malignancy presenting with a nonfunctional adrenal mass that exhibits equivocal imaging characteristics [1,39,40]. In this context, aspiration cytology is quite effective, with reported sensitivity rates generally exceeding 80% and specificity rates approaching 100% for the detection of malignancy [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Other accepted indications for FNA of the adrenal gland include evaluation of suspected infectious processes or lymphoma involving the adrenal because a positive diagnosis in these settings would have important therapeutic implications [39].…”

Procedural and clinical outcomes of percutaneous adrenal biopsy in a high‐risk population for adrenal malignancy

“…A comparable prevalence of metastases was described in other smaller studies reporting an overall experience with adrenal biopsy. [19][20][21] In studies reporting almost exclusively on oncologic patients, a higher prevalence of metastases of up to 78-81% has been described. 22,23 Interestingly, even in patients with 'benign' imaging characteristics (i.e.…”