Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality in 20 U.S. Cities, 1987–1994

Samet, Jonathan M.; Dominici, Francesca; Curriero, Frank C.; Coursac, Ivan; Zeger, Scott L.

doi:10.1056/nejm200012143432401

Cited by 2,138 publications

(1,301 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…After adjusting for smoking (itself a major toxic pollutant responsible for increasing, widespread death and disability) and other risk factors, Dockery et al (1993) found a strong association between fine dust particulate air pollution and mortality from lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases. Samet et al (2000) recently found an association between the levels of fine particulate matter and the risk of death from all causes and from cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses in 20 US cities. The global increase in asthma prevalence has been attributed to increasing urbanization and poverty, with greater exposure to indoor allergens such as dust mite and cockroach antigens, as well as to outdoor air pollution (Dockery et al, 1993;Aligne, Byrd, & Weitzman, 2000).…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and health consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice

Donohoe

2003

Social Science & Medicine

120

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Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and health consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice

Donohoe

2003

Social Science & Medicine

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Air pollution has been consistently associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in a number of epidemiologic studies (Schwartz, 1999;Samet et al, 2000;Pope et al, 2002). Inhalation of ambient pollutants can induce an inflammatory response in the lung that triggers endothelial dysfunction, alterations of the autonomic nervous modulation, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis (Utell et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source location of air pollution and cardiac autonomic function: Trajectory cluster analysis for exposure assessment

Park

OʼNeill

Stunder

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Although many studies report that exposure to air pollution harms health, few have examined associations between pollution sources and health outcomes. We hypothesized that pollution originating in different locations has different associations with heart rate variability (HRV) among 497 men from the Normative Aging Study in Boston, Massachusetts. We identified the paths that air masses traveled ('back-trajectories') before arriving in Boston on the days the men were examined. Next, we classified these trajectories into six clusters. We examined whether the association of measured air pollutants with HRV (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, high-frequency power (HF) and low-frequency power (LF), and LF/HF ratio) differed by cluster. We also examined whether the clusters alone (not considering air pollution measurements) showed different associations with HRV. The effects of black carbon (BC) on all HRV measures were strongest on days with southwest trajectories. Subjects who were examined on days where air parcels came from west had the strongest associations with ozone. All particle pollutants (particulate matter o2.5 mm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ), BC, and sulfates) were associated with increased LF/HF ratio on days with relatively short trajectories, which are related to local, slow-moving air masses. We also observed significant increases in LF/HF in days where air came from the northwest and west, compared to north trajectory days. Health effects associated with exposure to air pollution can be evaluated using pollutant concentrations as well as aspects of the pollution mixture captured by identifying locations where air masses originate. Independent effects of both these indicators of pollution exposure were seen on cardiac autonomic function.

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“…Daily changes in the levels of ambient fine particles (PM 2.5 ; aerodynamic diameter o2.5 mm) measured at fixed outdoor monitoring sites have been associated with cardiorespiratory health in epidemiological studies (Samet et al, 2000;Le Tertre et al, 2002). Recent studies suggest that particles originating from traffic are especially harmful (Hoek et al, 2002;Peters et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of personal and indoor PM2.5 and absorbance among elderly subjects with coronary heart disease

Lanki¹,

Ahokas²,

Alm³

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Epidemiological studies have established an association between outdoor levels of fine particles (PM 2.5 ) and cardiovascular health. However, there is little information on the determinants of PM 2.5 exposures among persons with cardiovascular disease, a potentially susceptible population group. Daily outdoor, indoor and personal PM 2.5 and absorbance (proxy for elemental carbon) concentrations were measured among elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Helsinki, Finland, during the winter and spring of 1998-1999 within the framework of the ULTRA study. There were 37 non-smoking subjects in Amsterdam and 47 in Helsinki. In Amsterdam, where there were enough exposure events for analyses, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) indoors was a major source of between-subject variation in PM 2.5 exposures, and a strong determinant of PM 2.5 and absorbance exposures. When the days with ETS were excluded, within-subject variation accounted for 89% of the total variation in personal PM 2.5 and 97% in absorbance in Amsterdam. The respective figures were 66% and 61% in Helsinki. In both cities, outdoor levels of PM 2.5 and absorbance were major determinants of personal and indoor levels. Traffic was also an important determinant of absorbance: living near a major street increased exposure by 22%, and every hour spent in a motor vehicle by 13% in Amsterdam. The respective increases were 37% and 9% in Helsinki. Cooking was associated with increased levels of both absorbance and PM 2.5 . Our results demonstrate that by using questionnaires in connection with outdoor measurements, exposure estimation of PM 2.5 and its combustion originating fraction can be improved among elderly persons with compromised health.

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Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality in 20 U.S. Cities, 1987–1994

Cited by 2,138 publications

References 19 publications

Causes and health consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice

Causes and health consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice

Source location of air pollution and cardiac autonomic function: Trajectory cluster analysis for exposure assessment

Determinants of personal and indoor PM2.5 and absorbance among elderly subjects with coronary heart disease

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