“…Particulate matter (PM), and especially its fine fraction (PM 2.5 ), existing in the atmosphere is considered to cause severe and different toxic effects on humans, including respiratory (Kowalska et al, 2019) and cardiovascular diseases (Du et al, 2019), nephrotoxicity (Hsu et al, 2005), diabetes (Lao et al, 2019), fetal distress in pregnant women (Liu et al, 2019), allergy (Dedele et al, 2019), autism (Kaufman et al, 2019), decreased fertility (Xia et al, 2019), and cancer (Santibáñez-Andrade et al, 2017). Eye irritation, dry throat, runny nose, sneezing, cough, tiredness, irritability, difficulty concentrating, headache, dizziness, and skin irritation are other less serious, indeed annoying side effects of human exposure to PM (Nezis et al, 2019).…”