Fine-Powdering of Fibrous Cellulose by Mechanical Milling.

Endo, Takashi; Kitagawa, Ryouichi; Hirotsu, Takahiro; Hosokawa, Jun

doi:10.1295/koron.56.166

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The densities of FC-MPE 0.25 and FC-UPE composites with 60 wt % FC were measured as 3 , respectively, which are lower than the theoretical density of 1.30 g/cm 3 that is based upon the weight fractions and densities of the FC and PE components. The decrease in density implies the existence of air gaps in the composites, which probably locate mainly in the interface between the FC and PE phases.…”

Section: Interfacial Adhesion and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 61%

“…The density of the FC was measured as 1.53 g/cm 3 . The PE (pellets, high density of 0.95 g/cm 3 ) was a commercially available grade (grade 7000F, Mitsui Sekiyu Kagaku).…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density of the FC was measured as 1.53 g/cm 3 . The PE (pellets, high density of 0.95 g/cm 3 ) was a commercially available grade (grade 7000F, Mitsui Sekiyu Kagaku). The MA, dehydrated acetone, and xylene were procured from Wako Chemicals and benzoyl peroxide (BPO, Nacalai Tesque), all of which were reagent grade, were used without further purification.…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result indicates that the compounding of cellulose with MPE barely yields the formation of ester bonds between the OH groups of cellulose and the MA groups of MPE, which is quite different from the case when compounding chlorella and MPE. 21 The very low reactivity between MPE and cellulose is probably attributable to the extremely decreased number of free OH groups on the FC, because of the high crystallinity 3 and large size of the FC (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Interfacial Adhesion and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Preparation and mechanical properties of composite of fibrous cellulose and maleated polyethylene

Zhang

Endo

Qiu

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fibrous cellulose and maleated polyethylene (FC-MPE) composites were prepared under melt mixing by maleation of polyethylene (PE) to obtain maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PE (MPE) and successive compounding of the resultant MPE with fibrous cellulose (FC). When increasing the content of added MA to 2 wt %, the grafting efficiency of MA decreases gradually to 84% and the grafted MA chains become longer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals strong adhesion of MPE to FC in the FC-MPE composite, which is probably due to the increased compatibility between MPE and FC, in contrast to no adhesion of unmaleated PE (UPE) to FC in the FC-UPE composite. This difference in interfacial structure between the FC-MPE and FC-UPE composites results in quite different mechanical properties for them. With an increase in the FC content to 60 wt %, the tensile strength of the FC-MPE composite increases significantly and reaches 125% that of pure PE. Furthermore, the larger Young's modulus, larger bending elastic modulus, and smaller elongation of the FC-MPE composite strongly indicate effective transfer of the high tensile strength and elasticity of FC to the MPE matrix through the strong adhesion between FC and MPE.

show abstract

Section: Interfacial Adhesion and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 61%

“…The density of the FC was measured as 1.53 g/cm 3 . The PE (pellets, high density of 0.95 g/cm 3 ) was a commercially available grade (grade 7000F, Mitsui Sekiyu Kagaku).…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interfacial Adhesion and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Preparation and mechanical properties of composite of fibrous cellulose and maleated polyethylene

Zhang

Endo

Qiu

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Second, native celluloses and wood saw dust are ballmilled to convert the crystalline cellulose I regions in the native celluloses to disordered ones (Hermans and Weidninger 1946), and were subjected to TEMPOmediated oxidation to prepare CUAs with higher DP values. Recently, some new and effective ball-milling apparatuses have become commercially available, and efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis and chemical modifications of cellulose are improved by using ballmilled celluloses (Tassinai and Macy 1977;Ryu et al 1982;Endo et al 1999;Mais et al 2002;Qiu et al 2005). Because native celluloses have highly crystalline cellulose I structures, no water-soluble CUAs can be obtained by TEMPO-mediated oxidation even under harsh conditions (Isogai and Kato 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degrees of polymerization (DP) and DP distribution of cellouronic acids prepared from alkali-treated celluloses and ball-milled native celluloses by TEMPO-mediated oxidation

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Various cellulose II samples, ball-milled native celluloses and ball-milled wood saw dust were subjected to 2,2,6,6-tetramethypyperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation to prepare cellouronic acid Na salts (CUAs). The TEMPO-oxidized products obtained were analyzed by 13 C-NMR and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). When the cellulose II samples with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 220-680 were used as the starting materials, the CUAs obtained had weight-average DP (DPw) values of only 38-79. Thus, significant depolymerization occurs on cellulose chains during the TEMPO-mediated oxidation. These DP values of CUAs correspond to the cellulose II crystal sizes along the chain direction in the original cellulose II samples, but not necessarily to their leveling-off DP values. CUAs can be obtained also from ball-milled native celluloses in good yields by TEMPO-mediated oxidation, although their DPw values are lower than about 80. On the other hand, CUA with DPw of about 170 was obtained from ball-milled wood saw dust.

show abstract

Preparation and characteristics of composites of high‐crystalline cellulose with polypropylene: Effects of maleated polypropylene and cellulose content

Qiu

Zhang

Endo

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

145

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Binary composites of high-crystalline fibrous cellulose with polypropylene (PP) or maleic anhydridegrafted polypropylene (MAPP) were prepared by melt-mixing with different contents of cellulose from 0 to 60 wt %. Ternary composites of cellulose with PP and MAPP were also prepared to investigate the effects of MAPP as a compatibilizer between cellulose and PP. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the addition of MAPP generates strong interactions between a PP matrix and cellulose fibers: All cellulose fibers are encapsulated by layers of the matrix and connected tightly within the matrix. Thus, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of MAPP-containing composites increase with an increase in MAPP and cellulose content, in contrast to the decrease in tensile strength of a PP-based binary composite with an increase in cellulose.Cellulose fibers act as a nucleating agent for the crystallization of PP, which is promoted by the addition of MAPP through an increase of the crystallization temperature of PP in the composite. Accordingly, both cellulose and MAPP facilitate the thermooxidative stability of PP composites in the following order: MAPP/cellulose Ͼ PP/MAPP/cellulose Ͼ PP/cellulose Ͼ PP. Relative water absorption increases with an increase in cellulose content, decreasing with the addition of MAPP. MAPP-containing cellulose composites have high potential for applications as environmentally friendly materials.

show abstract

Fine-Powdering of Fibrous Cellulose by Mechanical Milling.

Abstract: to the vacuum-dried cellulose was most effective for the preparation of the fine cellulose powder.

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Preparation and mechanical properties of composite of fibrous cellulose and maleated polyethylene

Preparation and mechanical properties of composite of fibrous cellulose and maleated polyethylene

Degrees of polymerization (DP) and DP distribution of cellouronic acids prepared from alkali-treated celluloses and ball-milled native celluloses by TEMPO-mediated oxidation

Preparation and characteristics of composites of high‐crystalline cellulose with polypropylene: Effects of maleated polypropylene and cellulose content

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About