Fine roots and ectomycorrhizas as indicators of environmental change

Abstract

Human-induced and natural stress factors can affect fine roots and ectomycorrhizas. Therefore they have potential utility as indicators of environmental change. We evaluated, through meta-analysis, the magnitude of the effects of acidic deposition, nitrogen deposition, increased ozone levels, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, and drought on fine roots and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) characteristics. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was an unsuitable parameter for environmental change, but fine root length and biomass could be useful. Acidic deposition had a significantly negative impact on fine roots, root length being more sensitive than root biomass. There were no significant effects of nitrogen deposition or elevated tropospheric ozone on the quantitative root parameters. Elevated CO 2 had a significant positive effect. Drought had a significantly negative effect on fine root biomass. The negative effect of acidic deposition and the positive effect of elevated CO 2 increased over time, indicating that effects were persistent contrary the other factors. The meta-analysis also showed that experimental conditions, including both laboratory and field experiments, were a major source of variation. In addition to quantitative changes, environmental changes affect the species composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community.

Fine roots and ectomycorrhizal colonization in black spruce subjected to reductions in soil moisture

“…These findings are in agreement with previous results showing that drought significantly increases fine root mortality and biomass (Cudlin et al 2007;Gaul et al 2008;Lehto and Zwiazek 2011). The dynamics of fine roots, in terms of rate of production, death and turnover, differ along moisture gradients, with more living roots being observed in wet stands (Persson 1983).…”

Pine Forest Soil Characteristics and Major Soil Impact Factors for Natural Regeneration

“…소나무림 토양의 이화학적 특성 국내 23개소 소나무림에서 채취한 토양의 이화학적 특성을 국가산림자원조 사 (National Forest Inventory, NFI) 자료 결과와 비교하였다 (Table 1) ), 뿌리의 양분흡수 효용과 새로운 뿌리의 형성 및 유지 비용을 표현하기 위한 지 표로 개발되었으며 (Fitter, 1976;Fitter, 1985), SRL 지표의 유용성은 현재에도 많은 연구들을 통해 보고되고 있다 (Cudlin et al, 2007;Ostonen et al, 2007;Ryser, 2006). (Fig.…”

30 let spremljanja stanja gozdov v Sloveniji

“…All different groups of bioindicators were applied and tested in the Slovenian mycobioindication approach: situ ekološki indikatorji); indikatorji biotske pestrosti so bili zelo nazorni v smrekovih monokulturah, manj pa v mešanih gozdovih z bukvijo (Kraigher 1999;Al Sayegh Petkovšek 2004, Cudlin et al 2007; 1b. Določanje tipov ter kvantifikacija izbranih, na onesnaženje občutljivih ali neobčutljivih tipov ECM (in situ pasivni monitorji); tip, ki ga tvori gliva Paxillus involutus in tip Piceirrhiza terrafila, ki se pojavlja na smreki, vrsta ECM glive pa ni znana, sta neobčutljiva na onesnaževala, med tem ko je Hydnum rufescens občutljiv tip ECM na navadni smreki (Kraigher 1995(Kraigher , 1996.…”

“…1a. Diversity of ECM types on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) or beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in forest stands (in situ ecological indicators); biodiversity indices were highly indicative in Norway spruce monocultures, less so in mixed beech forests (Kraigher 1999;Al Sayegh Petkovšek 2004, Cudlin et al 2007.…”