Fine‐scale characteristics of groundwater flow in a peatland

Drexler, J. Z.; Bedford, B. L.; Scognamiglio, R.; Siegel, D. I.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(19990630)13:9<1341::aid-hyp810>3.3.co;2-x

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Although some anisotropy was assigned to the deeper peat layer (ratios ranged Gamble et al (2003). 2 Literature values for peat from Boelter (1969), Rycroft et al (1975a), Dasberg and Neuman (1977), Boelter and Verry (1978), Chason and Siegel (1986), Drexler et al (1999), and Fraser et al (2001). 3 Literature values for mineral sediments from Bouwer (1978), Freeze and Cherry (1979), and Domenico and Schwartz (1998).…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many previous investigators have characterized the hydrology of shallow lakes and wetlands and the complex interaction with ground water (e.g., Winter 1983;Anderson and Cheng 1993;Siegel et al 1995;Winter 1999;Smith and Townley 2002), demonstrating the influence of local and regional hydrology and geology. Approaches to characterization include development of a water balance, hydrogeologic characterization and modeling, water chemistry characterization, and tracer studies (for example, Prince et al 1989;Krabbenhoft et al 1990aKrabbenhoft et al , 1990bGreen 1998;Hunt et al 1996Hunt et al , 1998Drexler et al 1999;Fraser et al 2001;McKenzie et al 2002;Constantz and Stonestrom 2003). Direct tracer studies in peat can be problematic due to low permeability and apparent dual porosity, resulting in slow travel times and causing the tracer to become trapped in immobile zones (Ours et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat as a Tracer to Estimate Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux from a Restored Wetland

Burow

Constantz²,

Fujii³

2005

Groundwater

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Heat was used as a natural tracer to characterize shallow ground water flow beneath a complex wetland system. Hydrogeologic data were combined with measured vertical temperature profiles to constrain a series of two-dimensional, transient simulations of ground water flow and heat transport using the model code SUTRA (Voss 1990). The measured seasonal temperature signal reached depths of 2.7 m beneath the pond. Hydraulic conductivity was varied in each of the layers in the model in a systematic manual calibration of the two-dimensional model to obtain the best fit to the measured temperature and hydraulic head. Results of a series of representative best-fit simulations represent a range in hydraulic conductivity values that had the best agreement between simulated and observed temperatures and that resulted in simulated pond seepage values within 1 order of magnitude of pond seepage estimated from the water budget. Resulting estimates of ground water discharge to an adjacent agricultural drainage ditch were used to estimate potential dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loads resulting from the restored wetland. Estimated DOC loads ranged from 45 to 1340 g C/(m2 year), which is higher than estimated DOC loads from surface water. In spite of the complexity in characterizing ground water flow in peat soils, using heat as a tracer provided a constrained estimate of subsurface flow from the pond to the agricultural drainage ditch.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat as a Tracer to Estimate Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux from a Restored Wetland

Burow

Constantz²,

Fujii³

2005

Groundwater

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“…Ombrotrophic peatlands (or bogs) rely on precipitation and atmospheric deposition, and they often have a higher water table isolated from regional groundwater flow. However, groundwater can feed bogs as upward local groundwater flux (Drexler et al, 1999;Fraser et al, 2001). Bogs can also be connected to surface aquifers through minerotrophic peat margins and laggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquifer–peatland connectivity in southern Quebec (Canada)

Ferlatte

Quillet

Larocque

et al. 2014

Hydrological Processes

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In areas where peatlands are abundant, they are likely to play a significant role in the hydrological and hydrogeological dynamics of a watershed. Although individual case studies are reported in the literature, there is a large range of aquifer–peatland interactions and there is a need to understand the controls of these interactions. The objectives of this study were (1) to better understand aquifer–peatland connections and how these may be predicted by geology and geomorphic location and (2) to provide a variety of reference sites for glacial geological settings. Slope and depression peatlands were studied in the Abitibi‐Témiscamingue region and in the St. Lawrence Lowlands, two contrasting regions of southern Quebec. A total of 12 transects that span a shallow aquifer–peatland interface were instrumented with piezometers. Field investigations included peatland characterization, monthly water level monitoring, and continuous hydraulic head measurements with pressure transducers. The results indicate that 7 of the 12 transects receive groundwater from the surrounding shallow aquifer. At the peatland margin, four lateral flow patterns were identified and associated with slope peatlands (parallel inflow and divergent flow) and with depression peatlands (convergent flow and parallel outflow). Vertical hydraulic gradients suggest that water flows mainly downwards, i.e. from the peatland to the underlying mineral deposits. Vertical connectivity appears to decrease as the distance from the peatland margin increases. All of these exchanges are important components in the sustainability of peatland hydrogeological functions. The regional comparison of aquifer–peatland flow dynamics performed in this study provides a new set of referenced data for the assessment of aquifer–peatland connectivity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…In freshwater systems such as streams and wetlands, groundwater discharge or recharge and hyporheic exchange between surface water and pore water of streambed sediments are important controls on biogeochemical cycling (Grimm and Fisher 1984;Brunke and Gosner 1997;Cirmo and McDonnell 1997;Mulholland et al 1997;Drexler et al 1999). 223 Ra and 224 Ra could be useful for measuring the rate of this exchange, but little work has been reported in which these isotopes have been used as tracers of water flow in freshwater (Kraemer and Genereux 1998) and none that we know of in freshwater wetlands.…”

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confidence: 99%

Using natural distributions of short‐lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge

Krest

Harvey

2003

Limnology & Oceanography

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Radium activity in pore water of wetland sediments often differs from the amount expected from local production, decay, and exchange with solid phases. This disequilibrium results from vertical transport of radium with groundwater that flows between the underlying aquifer and surface water. In situations where groundwater recharge or discharge is significant, the rate of vertical water flow through wetland sediment can be determined from the radium disequilibrium by a combined model of transport, production, decay, and exchange with solid phases. We have developed and tested this technique at three sites in the freshwater portion of the Everglades by quantifying vertical advective velocities in areas with persistent groundwater recharge or discharge and estimating a coefficient of dispersion at a site that is subject to reversals between recharge and discharge. Groundwater velocities (v) were determined to be between 0 and Ϫ0.5 cm dϪ1 for a recharge site and 1.5 Ϯ 0.4 cm d Ϫ1 for a discharge site near Levee 39 in the Everglades. Strong gradients in 223 Ra and 224 Ra usually occurred at the base of the peat layer, which avoided the problems of other tracers (e.g., chloride) for which greatest sensitivity occurs near the peat surface-a zone readily disturbed by processes unrelated to groundwater flow. This technique should be easily applicable to any wetland system with different production rates of these isotopes in distinct sedimentary layers or surface water. The approach is most straightforward in systems where constant pore-water ionic strength can be assumed, simplifying the modeling of radium exchange.

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Fine‐scale characteristics of groundwater flow in a peatland

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Heat as a Tracer to Estimate Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux from a Restored Wetland

Heat as a Tracer to Estimate Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux from a Restored Wetland

Aquifer–peatland connectivity in southern Quebec (Canada)

Using natural distributions of short‐lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge

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