Fine-scale measurements of fog-droplet concentrations: a preliminary assessment

García‐García, Fernando; Virafuentes, U; Montero-Martínez, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/s0169-8095(02)00090-x

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For example, Fuzzi et al (1992) found a bimodal droplet size distribution with the dominant 220 G. L. ACHTEMEIER volume mode around 20 µm and a much smaller mode at 5-10 µm. Garcia-Garcia et al (2002) found droplet size distribution peaks at 4, 10, and 20 µm with the dominant peak at 4 µm. Kunkel found mean diameters ranging from 7 to 10 µm.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the formation and persistence of superfog in woodland smoke

Achtemeier

2009

Meteorological Applications

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Dense fogs, comparable to historical fogs in England, have been implicated in numerous roadway accidents in the southern United States. Many of the fogs have occurred in association with prescribed burning. Direct measurements of superfog (fog reducing visibility to less than 3 m) were taken during burning of forest litter on 22 March 2003. Visibility was measured at 0.1 m implying an extinction coefficient of 39 120 km −1 . The number of condensation nuclei required for fog to produce the observed visibility was about 1% of the number of particles released in wood smoke as reported in the literature. A recursive non-gradient mixing model shows (1) maximum excess liquid water (LWC) released was approximately 7.0 g kg −1 , 23 times the LWC in natural fog, (2) superfog can form at the site of combustion then continue to form as it drifts downwind, and (3) superfog can modify air mass stability near the ground and persist for hours until dispersed by changing wind conditions or by solar heating after sunrise. Published in

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Section: Theoretical Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the formation and persistence of superfog in woodland smoke

Achtemeier

2009

Meteorological Applications

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“…Observations from GARCI´A-GARCI´A et al (2002) suggest that fog layers are heterogeneous in nature. Small-scale variability in fog microstructure has been observed, with regions of decreased droplet concentration corresponding to broader DSDs.…”

Section: Microphysics and Nucleation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fog Research: A Review of Past Achievements and Future Perspectives

Gültepe

Tardif

Michaelides³

et al. 2007

Pure appl. geophys.

563

348

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The scientific community that includes meteorologists, physical scientists, engineers, medical doctors, biologists, and environmentalists has shown interest in a better understanding of fog for years because of its effects on, directly or indirectly, the daily life of human beings. The total economic losses associated with the impact of the presence of fog on aviation, marine and land transportation can be comparable to those of tornadoes or, in some cases, winter storms and hurricanes. The number of articles including the word ''fog'' in Journals of American Meteorological Society alone was found to be about 4700, indicating that there is substantial interest in this subject. In spite of this extensive body of work, our ability to accurately forecast/nowcast fog remains limited due to our incomplete understanding of the fog processes over various time and space scales. Fog processes involve droplet microphysics, aerosol chemistry, radiation, turbulence, large/small-scale dynamics, and surface conditions (e.g., partaining to the presence of ice, snow, liquid, plants, and various types of soil). This review paper summarizes past achievements related to the understanding of fog formation, development and decay, and in this respect, the analysis of observations and the development of forecasting models and remote sensing methods are discussed in detail. Finally, future perspectives for fog-related research are highlighted.

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“…Many of the fogs reported in the literature had been active for hours giving time for microphysical processes to grow the droplets and create broad drop size distributions. For example, Fuzzi et al (1992) found a bimodal droplet size distribution with the dominant volume mode around 20 m and a much smaller mode at 5-10 m. García-García et al (2002) found droplet size distribution peaks at 4, 10, and 20 m with the dominant peak at 4 m. Kunkel found mean diameters ranging from 7 to 10 m. Matveev (1965) published dominant peaks in the range of 5-7 m with a spectrum ranging from 2 to 16 m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Moisture Released during Forest Burning on Fog Formation and Implications for Visibility

Achtemeier

2008

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Smoke from wildland burning in association with fog has been implicated as a visibility hazard over roadways in the United States. Visibilities at accident sites have been estimated in the range from 1 to 3 m (extinction coefficients between 1000 and 4000). Temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken from 29 "smokes" during 2002 and 2003. These data were converted to a measure of the mass of water vapor present to the mass of dry air containing the vapor (smoke mixing ratio). Smoke temperatures were processed through a simple radiation model before smokes were mixed with ambient air with temperature and moisture observed during the early morning on the days following the burns. Calculations show supersaturations implying liquid water contents (LWC) up to 17 times as large as LWC found in natural fog. Simple models combining fog droplet number density, droplet size, and LWC show that the supersaturation LWC of smokes is capable of reducing visibility to the ranges observed.

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Fine-scale measurements of fog-droplet concentrations: a preliminary assessment

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

On the formation and persistence of superfog in woodland smoke

On the formation and persistence of superfog in woodland smoke

Fog Research: A Review of Past Achievements and Future Perspectives

Effects of Moisture Released during Forest Burning on Fog Formation and Implications for Visibility

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