SummaryMechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity remain poorly defined at the molecular level. To investigate some of these mechanisms, we used as target ceUs, on the one hand, thymocytes from lpr and g/d mouse mutants, and on the other hand, L1210 cells transfected or not with the apoptosisinducing Fas molecule. These independent mutant or transfectant-based approaches both led to the conclusion that Fas was involved in the CaZ+-independent component of cytotoxicity mediated by at least two sources oft cells, namely nonantigen-spec'ific in vitro activated hybridoma cells, and antigen-specific in vivo raised peritoneal exudate lymphocytes. Thus, in these cases, T ceU-mediated cytotoxicity involved transduction via Fas of the target cell death signal.p rogrammed ceU death, often called apoptosis (1), massively occurs within the immune system as a component of its normal development (2-4). Part of this process seems to involve the Fas cell surface molecule (5-8), which can transduce a ceU death signal (5, 6) and is not or is abnormally expressed (9) in the Ipr mutant mouse (for review, see reference 10) exhibiting a lymphoproliferative disorder. CeU death can also be imparted by the immune system, in particular through T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Hypotheses as to the undefined and apparently multiple molecular mechanisms of this process range from direct membrane interactions to granule exocytosis (for review, see reference 11). We demonstrate in this report a role for Fas in some instances of both nonspecific and antigen-specific Ca2+-independent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Fas thus seems causally involved in cell death in both developmental and functional circumstances within the immune system.
Materiah and MethodsCulture Conditions, Cells, and Cytotoxicity Test. All incubation and culture procedures were at 37~ in a water-saturated 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cells (except PC60 and its derived clones) were grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco Bio-Cult, Glasgow, Scotland) enriched with 10% FCS (Biological Industries, Beth Halmeck, Israel) and supplemented with 2 x 10 s M 2-ME, penicillin, and streptomycin. PC60 is a bybridoma (12) between a mouse cytotoxic T cell done with antimale D b specificity (13) and a derivative from the rat T lymphoma W/Fu (C58NT)D. PC60 cells and all PC60-derived cells were grown and cloned in DMEM (Gibco Biocult, Uxbridge, UK) enriched with 5% FCS and the additives above. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out in V-shaped wells of 96-well microtiter plates with SlCr-labeled target cells (104 tumor cells or 10 s thymocytes) and effector cells (PC60-derived dl0S cells or peritoneal exudate cells [14]) at the indicated ratios in a total volume per well of 200/A of ILPMI medium with 10% FCS. The plates were centrifuged (200 g, 2 rain) and incubated for 4 h at 37~ After another centrifugation, 100-#1 aliquots of supemates were assayed for radioactivity. The fraction of the total radioactivity released was then calculated, and the results were expressed as percent experimental SICr-release -percent SlC...