Fine structure of the cephalic sensory organ in the larva of the nudibranch Rostanga pulchra (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia)

Chia, Fu‐Shiang; Koss, Ron

doi:10.1007/bf00312131

Cited by 55 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These two correspond to cells that have been called ampullary and paraampullary sensory neurons (or type I para-ampullary neurons) in studies on the apical ganglion of opisthobranch larvae (Chia and Koss, 1984;Marois and Carew, 1997a;Kempf et al, 1997). The ampullary type is characterized by a deep invagination of the cell membrane.…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of the Apical Ganglionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The apical ganglion of opisthobranch gastropods (phylum Mollusca) has been particularly well studied by electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical techniques for localizing serotonin-like antigenicity (Bonar, 1978;Chia and Koss, 1984;Marois and Carew, 1997a,b,c;Kempf et al, 1997). Collected data show a great deal of interspecific similarity for the opisthobranch apical ganglion and suggest that the structure is a sensorimotor ganglion that transduces environmental stimuli into motor signals that modulate muscular and ciliary activites of the velum, an important effector of larval behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Collected data show a great deal of interspecific similarity for the opisthobranch apical ganglion and suggest that the structure is a sensorimotor ganglion that transduces environmental stimuli into motor signals that modulate muscular and ciliary activites of the velum, an important effector of larval behaviors. Sensory neurons have been identified by morphological criteria (Bonar, 1978;Chia and Koss, 1984;Marois and Carew, 1997a;Kempf et al, 1997), and ganglionic neurons that express serotonin immunoreactivity send axons into the velum (Marois and Carew, 1997a,c;Kempf et al, 1997), where they form transmitter release sites on velar muscles and on ciliated cells of the prototroch (Marois and Carew, 1997c). The prototroch (preoral ciliary band) runs around the periphery of each velar lobe, and activity of its compound cilia facilitates larval swimming and, in feeding larvae, assists with capture of microalgae (see Strathmann and Leise, 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of the apical ganglion in planktotrophic caenogastropod larvae: Ultrastructure and immunoreactivity to serotonin

2000

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Section: Ultrastructure Of the Apical Ganglionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of the apical ganglion in planktotrophic caenogastropod larvae: Ultrastructure and immunoreactivity to serotonin

2000

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“…These vase-shaped cells of the apical organ were first described using electron microscopic investigations in heterobranch gastropods [Bonar, 1978;Chia and Koss, 1984], and subsequent studies have shown that the apical organ of other gastropod groups contain similar cells [Marois and Carew, 1997a;Page and Parries, 2000;Page, 2002;Ruthensteiner and Schaefer, 2002].…”

Section: Neurons First Appear Early In Larval Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on its morphology, the ASO has also been suggested to have a sensory function [Bonar, 1978;Chia and Koss, 1984], and the best studied example of such a role has involved the possible transduction of an environmental signal which initiates metamorphosis [Hirata and Hadfield, 1986;Couper and Leise, 1996;Leise, 1996;Lin and Leise, 1996;Froggett and Leise, 1999;Hadfield et al, 2000;Leise and Hadfield, 2000]. The early appearance of the ASO long before the onset of metamorphic competence and the finding that the ASO in a scaphopod is lost entirely before the onset of metamorphic competence [Wanninger and Haszprunar, 2003], however, argue for alternative or additional roles for this structure.…”

Section: Neurons First Appear Early In Larval Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Nervous Systems in Molluscs: Navigating the Twists and Turns of a Complex Life Cycle

Croll

2009

Brain Behav Evol

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Molluscs constitute a richly diversified phylum, containing abundant species that have successfully invaded a variety of habitats. Despite the long-standing importance of its various members as model species for neurobiology, research on the development of the molluscan nervous system has lagged behind that on several other phyla. Recent studies, however, have begun to sketch an overview of neural development during the complex life cycles of these animals, involving multiple larval and postlarval stages and often including processes of torsion and occasionally detorsion affecting the entire body plan. The first neurons appear early in life and innervate a variety of larval organs. The central and peripheral neurons that comprise the adult nervous system generally appear later in larval life. Metamorphosis involves the loss of many neurons and the gain of others, and yet more neurons change to accommodate transitions in modes of locomotion, feeding and habitat. But such large-scale transitions do not stop at metamorphosis as massive changes in body size and behavior occur during juvenile and adult stages, and the nervous system must change accordingly to meet the demands of expanding target tissues and the need to generate new behaviors. Work over the years has gradually revealed some of the genes important in molluscan neural development, but recent whole-genome, EST and microarray projects are now allowing much more rapid progress and providing a valuable molluscan perspective for understanding broader issues concerning the evolution of the nervous system across the animal kingdom.

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Gangliogenesis in the prosobranch gastropodIlyanassa obsoleta

Lin

Leise

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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We determined that the larval nervous system of Ilyanassa obsoleta contains paired cerebral, pleural, pedal, buccal and intestinal ganglia and unpaired apical, osphradial, and visceral ganglia. We used a modified form of NADPH diaphorase histochemistry to compare the neuroanatomy of precompetent (including specimens 6, 8, and 12 days after hatching), competent, and metamorphosing larvae with postmetamorphic juveniles. This method highlighted ganglionic neuropils and allowed us to identify individual ganglia at various stages of development, thereby laying a foundation for concurrent histochemical studies. The first ganglia to form were the unpaired apical and osphradial ganglia and the paired cerebral and pedal ganglia. In larvae 6 days after hatching, the neuropil had already appeared in the apical and osphradial ganglia. Neuropil began to be apparent in the cerebral and pedal ganglia 2 days later. At that time, the pleural and buccal ganglia were identifiable and adjacent to the posterior edge of the cerebral ganglia. The ganglia of the visceral loop were concurrently recognizable, although the supraintestinal ganglion developed slightly earlier than the subintestinal and visceral ganglia. By 12 days after hatching all of the major adult ganglia were discernible. The apical ganglion was retained by newly metamorphosed juveniles, but not by juveniles 2 days later. After metamorphosis was complete, the central nervous system (CNS) was consolidated into its juvenile form with ipsilateral cerebral and pleural ganglia being partially fused. The metamorphic translocation of ganglia, which included a caudal relocation of the cerebrals and the migration of the buccals from above the esophagus to a position below it, correlated with the movement of the proboscis to the dorsal part of the head.

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Fine structure of the cephalic sensory organ in the larva of the nudibranch Rostanga pulchra (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia)

Cited by 55 publications

References 24 publications

Comparative study of the apical ganglion in planktotrophic caenogastropod larvae: Ultrastructure and immunoreactivity to serotonin

Comparative study of the apical ganglion in planktotrophic caenogastropod larvae: Ultrastructure and immunoreactivity to serotonin

Developing Nervous Systems in Molluscs: Navigating the Twists and Turns of a Complex Life Cycle

Gangliogenesis in the prosobranch gastropodIlyanassa obsoleta

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