Fine Structure of the Germinal Membrane of Echinococcus granulosus Cysts

Lascano, E. F.; Coltorti, E. A.; Varela-Díaz, V. M.

doi:10.2307/3279219

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Among the differentiated cells, we could recognize several types by comparison with ultrastructural descriptions from E. multilocularis metacestodes and classic histological studies in other cestodes [23,28,39,58] (Figure 3). These included: 1) the tegumental cells, with abundant cytoplasm strongly stained with PI/WCS, uniformly stained by NR, and with an irregularly shaped border.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nothing is known to date about gene expression in cestode germinative cells, but the genome sequencing project of E. multilocularis demonstrated the lack of vasa and piwi orthologs, suggesting fundamental differences between germinative cells and planarian neoblasts [38]. Differentiated cell types have also been described in the germinal layer, including tegumental cells (the cell bodies of the tegumental syncitium, which are connected to the overlying syncitial tegument by cytoplasmatic bridges), muscle cells, glycogen/lipid storing cells, and recently, nerve cells [28,39,40]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The unique stem cell system of the immortal larva of the human parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

Koziol

Rauschendorfer

Rodríguez

et al. 2014

EvoDevo

129

298

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BackgroundIt is believed that in tapeworms a separate population of undifferentiated cells, the germinative cells, is the only source of cell proliferation throughout the life cycle (similar to the neoblasts of free living flatworms). In Echinococcus multilocularis, the metacestode larval stage has a unique development, growing continuously like a mass of vesicles that infiltrate the tissues of the intermediate host, generating multiple protoscoleces by asexual budding. This unique proliferation potential indicates the existence of stem cells that are totipotent and have the ability for extensive self-renewal.ResultsWe show that only the germinative cells proliferate in the larval vesicles and in primary cell cultures that undergo complete vesicle regeneration, by using a combination of morphological criteria and by developing molecular markers of differentiated cell types. The germinative cells are homogeneous in morphology but heterogeneous at the molecular level, since only sub-populations express homologs of the post-transcriptional regulators nanos and argonaute. Important differences are observed between the expression patterns of selected neoblast marker genes of other flatworms and the E. multilocularis germinative cells, including widespread expression in E. multilocularis of some genes that are neoblast-specific in planarians. Hydroxyurea treatment results in the depletion of germinative cells in larval vesicles, and after recovery following hydroxyurea treatment, surviving proliferating cells grow as patches that suggest extensive self-renewal potential for individual germinative cells.ConclusionsIn E. multilocularis metacestodes, the germinative cells are the only proliferating cells, presumably driving the continuous growth of the larval vesicles. However, the existence of sub-populations of the germinative cells is strongly supported by our data. Although the germinative cells are very similar to the neoblasts of other flatworms in function and in undifferentiated morphology, their unique gene expression pattern and the evolutionary loss of conserved stem cells regulators suggest that important differences in their physiology exist, which could be related to the unique biology of E. multilocularis larvae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unique stem cell system of the immortal larva of the human parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

Koziol

Rauschendorfer

Rodríguez

et al. 2014

EvoDevo

129

298

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The germinal layer is similar in structure to the tegument of the adult worm, consisting of a distal cytoplasmic syncytium from which microtriches project into the overlaying laminated layer Ferretti, 1973, 1978;Lascano et al, 1975;Morseth, 1967). The cell bodies and nuclei comprise the perinuclear, or proliferative cell layer, which contains several cell types including tegumental, muscle, glycogen-storing and undifferentiated cells.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and Systematics of Echinococcus

Thompson

2017

Advances in Parasitology

322

282

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“…The GL has additional, nonsyncytial cell types, including muscle, glycogen-storage, and undifferentiated cells. Towards the cyst cavity, there is neither a syncytial organization nor junctional complexes between cells, so that the intercellular fluid of the germinal layer is apparently continuous with the cyst/vesicle fluid [16, 17]. …”

Section: Echinococcus Metacestodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Parasite Relationship in Cystic Echinococcosis: An Evolving Story

Siracusano

Delunardo

Teggi

et al. 2012

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

124

101

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The larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis, a neglected infectious disease that constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries. Despite being under constant barrage by the immune system, E. granulosus modulates antiparasite immune responses and persists in the human hosts with detectable humoral and cellular responses against the parasite. In vitro and in vivo immunological approaches, together with molecular biology and immunoproteomic technologies, provided us exciting insights into the mechanisms involved in the initiation of E. granulosus infection and the consequent induction and regulation of the immune response. Although the last decade has clarified many aspects of host-parasite relationship in human cystic echinococcosis, establishing the full mechanisms that cause the disease requires more studies. Here, we review some of the recent developments and discuss new avenues in this evolving story of E. granulosus infection in man.

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Fine Structure of the Germinal Membrane of Echinococcus granulosus Cysts

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

The unique stem cell system of the immortal larva of the human parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

The unique stem cell system of the immortal larva of the human parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

Biology and Systematics of Echinococcus

Host-Parasite Relationship in Cystic Echinococcosis: An Evolving Story

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