Fine structure of unstained human chromosome fibres dried with no fixative as observed by X‐ray contact microscopy

Shinohara, Kunio; Nakano, Hisako; Kinjo, Yasuhito; Watanabe, Makoto

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1990.tb03005.x

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The resist is then developed and usually observed in an electron microscope. This technique has been used to image human chromosomes at a resolution of 10 nm, which is sufficient to visualize individual nucleosomes (Shinohara 1994).…”

Section: X-ray Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical applications of synchrotron radiation x-rays

Lewis

1997

Phys. Med. Biol.

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The use of synchrotron radiation is not widespread in the field of medicine and in fact few health-care professionals have even heard of it. It is the purpose of this article to explain what it is and to give some examples of how it can contribute to medical science. X-rays have been used for diagnostic medical imaging for more than 100 years and, whilst new techniques such as computed tomography have been developed, the means of producing x-rays has altered little during that time. Synchrotron radiation sources provide multiple, extremely intense and tuneable beams of photons over a huge range of energies from infrared through to hard x-rays. Their advent has revolutionized many experimental techniques and synchrotron radiation is being applied across many fields from imaging to molecular dynamics. It has spawned several methods for studying live and wet tissue samples, yielding information on both structure and composition on all length scales down to atomic resolution. Such techniques have played a crucial role in the development of molecular biology and the solution of protein structures. The application of synchrotron radiation in the field of radiography is now expanding and it is clear that very substantial improvements in image quality and patient dose can be realized. Following an overview of the production and properties of synchrotron radiation, some of the ways in which this remarkable tool has already been exploited for medical research are reviewed and some potential clinical opportunities highlighted.

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Section: X-ray Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical applications of synchrotron radiation x-rays

Lewis

1997

Phys. Med. Biol.

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“…12 Soft x-ray contact microscopy has achieved impressive results in lightly absorbing samples, including living bacterial cells, 13 algae 14 and wet human chromosomes. 15 However, dense samples will require hard x-rays to fully penetrate the sample. Despite the simplicity of the technique, hard x-ray contact microscopy has only been reported once in the literature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low dose hard x-ray contact microscopy assisted by a photoelectric conversion layer

et al. 2013

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Hard x-ray contact microscopy provides images of dense samples at resolutions of tens of nanometers. However, the required beam intensity can only be delivered by synchrotron sources. We report on the use of a gold photoelectric conversion layer to lower the exposure dose by a factor of 40 to 50, allowing hard x-ray contact microscopy to be performed with a compact x-ray tube. We demonstrate the method in imaging the transmission pattern of a type of hard x-ray grating that cannot be fitted into conventional x-ray microscopes due to its size and shape. Generally the method is easy to implement and can record images of samples in the hard x-ray region over a large area in a single exposure, without some of the geometric constraints associated with x-ray microscopes based on zone-plate or other magnifying optics.

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