Fine Structures of Perikaryal Myelin Sheaths on Statoacoustic Ganglion Cells in 3-Day-Old Chicks.

Sun, Yingjie; Komatsu, Shigeru; Naito, Akira; Watanabe, Shinju Y.

doi:10.1620/tjem.180.309

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Since partly myelinated perikarya such as demonstrated in Fig. 9 have not been reported in 6i6o in developing chicks (6,10,15,16), the perikaryal myelination should occur about equally on the whole perikaryon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…7,8 and 11). The unmyelinated and the myelinated perikarya were common and the partly myelinated perikaryon was uncommon in 6i6o in the chick (6,10,15,16). Thus, 130 or more perikarya, which showed the nucleus in ultrathin sections, were observed in SAGs of each culture period and changes in proportions of the myelinated, the partly myelinated, and the unmyelinated perikarya to the culture period were studied (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In chicks 3 days after hatching, the axon is encircled by 11 to 29 layers of compact lamellae and the perikaryon by 4 to 17 layers of loose and compact lamellae. Since no unmyelinated perikarya were detected in this stage, the perikaryal myelination of all the SAG cells has started less than 3 days after hatching (10). Until now, however, there has been no information on the time when the myelination is completed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The perikaryal myelination in the 8th cranial nerve ganglion varies from species to species (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). From electron microscopic observations of the human spiral ganglion in 12 cadavers, Arnold reported that all the ganglion cells were unmyelinated in four neonatal infants, 0.3% to 0.5% of the ganglion cells were enveloped in a loose myelin coat in six young adults (aged between 18 and 25 years), and up to 2% of the ganglion cells were covered by a thin but regular myelin sheath (up to five myelin layers) in two elderly persons (aged 61 and 63 years) (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a later light and electron microscopic study in embryonic chicks provided the information that light microscopy did not detect loose myelin lamellae and thus could not distinguish be-tween perikarya covered by loose lamellae and unmyelinated perikarya covered by a single layer of Schwann cell cytoplasm (6). Our recent electron microscopic study in chicks 3 days after hatching has also indicated that ''unmyelinated'' perikarya and ''unmyelinated'' parts of ''partly myelinated'' perikarya under a light microscope (12) are covered by loose myelin lamellae (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Perikaryal Myelination of Cultured Chick Embryo Statoacoustic Ganglion Cells: an Electron Microscopic Study

Sun

Naito²,

Watanabe³

1998

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Perikaryal myelin formation on cultured chick embryo statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) cells was studied using electron microscopy. SAGs were dissected from 13-day embryos and cultured for 1 to 6 weeks. Myelinated perikarya, which were completely encircled by two or more layers of loose and/or compact myelin lamellae like those in vivo in the chick, were first observed in 3-week-cultured SAGs; myelinated axons appeared in 2-week-cultured SAGs. The perikaryal myelination progressively increased loose and compact lamellae and the axonal myelination increased compact lamellae. In 4- to 6-week-cultured SAGs, 11 to 12% of SAG cells had the myelinated perikaryon of which perikaryal myelin lamellae terminated at the axon hillock in the same manner as those in vivo in the chick. The number of layers of myelin lamellae around the myelinated perikaryon in 5- to 6-week-cultured SAGs and around the myelinated axon in 4- to 6-week-cultured SAGs ranged between 2 and 15, and between 12 and 26, respectively. Since these numbers were consistent with those in vivo in chicks 3 days after hatching, it is suggested that the culture provides perikaryal myelin sheaths, which are equivalent to those in vivo in structure, in more than 10% of SAG cells, while the myelination process in vitro is carried out much more slowly than that in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Perikaryal Myelination of Cultured Chick Embryo Statoacoustic Ganglion Cells: an Electron Microscopic Study

Sun

Naito²,

Watanabe³

1998

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Time disparity sensitive behavior and its neural substrates of a pulse-type gymnotiform electric fish, Brachyhypopomus gauderio

2012

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Roles of the time coding electrosensory system in the novelty responses of a pulse-type gymnotiform electric fish, Brachyhypopomus, were examined behaviorally, physiologically, and anatomically. Brachyhypopomus responded with the novelty responses to small changes (100 μs) in time difference between electrosensory stimulus pulses applied to different parts of the body, as long as these pulses were given within a time period of ~500 μs. Physiological recording revealed neurons in the hindbrain and midbrain that fire action potentials time-locked to stimulus pulses with short latency (500-900 μs). These time-locked neurons, along with other types of neurons, were labeled with intracellular and extracellular marker injection techniques. Light and electron microscopy of the labeled materials revealed neural connectivity within the time coding system. Two types of time-locked neurons, the pear-shaped cells and the large cells converge onto the small cells in a hypertrophied structure, the mesencephalic magnocellular nucleus. The small cells receive a calyx synapse from a large cell at their somata and an input from a pear-shaped cell at the tip of their dendrites via synaptic islands. The small cells project to the torus semicircularis. We hypothesized that the time-locked neural signals conveyed by the pear-shaped cells and the large cells are decoded by the small cells for detection of time shifts occurring across body areas.

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Regional differences in myelination of chick vestibulocochlear ganglion cells

Sun

Kobayashi

Yoshida

et al. 2013

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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In vertebrates, vestibular and cochlear ganglion (VG and CG, respectively) cells are bipolar neurons with myelinated axons and perikarya. The time course of the myelination of the VG and CG cells during development of chick embryos was investigated. Chick VG and CG from embryonic day at 7-20 (E7-20) were prepared for a transmission electron microscopy, myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. In the VG cells, myelination was first observed on the peripheral axons of the ampullar nerves at E10, on the utricular and saccular nerves at E12, and on the lagenar and neglecta nerves at E13. In the VG central axons, myelination was first seen on the ampullar nerves at E11, on the utricular and saccular nerves at E13, and on the lagenar nerves at E13. In the CG cells, the myelination was first observed on the peripheral and central axons at E14. In both VG and CG, myelination was observed on the perikarya at E17. These results suggest that the onset of the axonal myelination on the VG cells occurred earlier than that on the CG cells, whereas the perikaryal myelination occurred at about the same time on the both types of ganglion cells. Moreover, the myelination on the ampullar nerves occurred earlier than that on the utricular and saccular nerves. The myelination on the peripheral axons occurred earlier than that on the central axons of the VG cells, whereas that on the central and peripheral axons of the CG cells occurred at about the same time. The regional differences in myelination in relation to the onset of functional activities in the VG and CG cells are discussed.

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Fine Structures of Perikaryal Myelin Sheaths on Statoacoustic Ganglion Cells in 3-Day-Old Chicks.

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Perikaryal Myelination of Cultured Chick Embryo Statoacoustic Ganglion Cells: an Electron Microscopic Study

Perikaryal Myelination of Cultured Chick Embryo Statoacoustic Ganglion Cells: an Electron Microscopic Study

Time disparity sensitive behavior and its neural substrates of a pulse-type gymnotiform electric fish, Brachyhypopomus gauderio

Regional differences in myelination of chick vestibulocochlear ganglion cells

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