Fine-tuning of the dielectric properties of polysiloxanes by chemical modification

Dünki, Simon J.; Treß, Martin; Kremer, Friedrich; Ko, Song Yee; Nüesch, Frank; Varganici, Cristian–Dragos; Racleş, Carmen; Opris, Dorina M.

doi:10.1039/c5ra07412f

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A polymer class that meets this requirement is polysiloxane. Their modification by the polar nitrile groups allowed formation of elastomers with ε′ of about 18, which is amongst the highest dielectric permittivity value reported for polysiloxanes . Furthermore, they actuate at rather low electric fields of 10 V µm −1 .…”

Section: The Amount Of Reagents Used For the Synthesis Of Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Two relaxation peaks are present in all materials. One appears at rather low frequencies between 1 and 10 Hz and is due to ion impurities present in materials, while the other appears above 10 6 Hz and is due to the relaxation of the polar nitrile groups . The conductivity of all materials was rather low, below 3.2 × 10 −9 S cm −1 which is also attractive for actuators.…”

Section: The Amount Of Reagents Used For the Synthesis Of Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Artificial Muscles: Dielectric Elastomers Responsive to Low Voltages

Sheima

Caspari

Opris

2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The lack of soft high‐dielectric‐permittivity elastomers responsive to a low voltage has been a long‐standing obstacle for the industrialization of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) technology. Here, elastomers that not only possess a high dielectric permittivity of 18 and good elastic and insulating properties but are also processable in very thin films by conventional techniques are reported. Additionally, the elastic modulus can be easily tuned. A soft elastomer with a storage modulus of E = 350 kPa, a tanδ = 0.007 at 0.05 Hz, and a lateral actuation strain of 13% at 13 V µm−1 is prepared. A stable lateral actuation over 50 000 cycles at 10 Hz is demonstrated. A stiffer elastomer with an E = 790 kPa, a tanδ = 0.0018 at 0.05 Hz, a large out‐of‐plane actuation at 41 V µm−1, and breakdown fields of almost 100 V µm−1 is also developed. Such breakdown fields are the highest ever reported for a high‐permittivity elastomer. Additionally, actuators operable at a voltage as low as 200 V are also demonstrated. Because the materials used are cheap and easily available, and the chemical reactions leading to them allow upscaling, they have the potential to advance the DEA technology.

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Section: The Amount Of Reagents Used For the Synthesis Of Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: The Amount Of Reagents Used For the Synthesis Of Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Artificial Muscles: Dielectric Elastomers Responsive to Low Voltages

Sheima

Caspari

Opris

2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…The thiol‐ene reaction has been increasingly used in the last years for functionalizing polysiloxanes . It has been used notably for preparing hydrophilic or amphiphilic polysiloxanes, surface functionalized PDMS elastomers, antibacterial silicones, elastomers for modulating cell adhesion, self‐healing polysiloxanes, polysiloxane elastomers with optical properties, liquid crystal polysiloxanes, electroactive ferrocene‐grafted polysiloxanes, polysiloxanes with tunable dielectric properties, or contact lens elastomers . Thiol‐ene strategy is also used in the case of polysiloxanes for getting an efficient, orthogonal cross‐linking, often initiated photochemically and consequently, has been adapted to electrospinning and 3D printing …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysiloxanes Modified by Thiol‐Ene Reaction and Their Interaction with Gold Nanoparticles

Lemonier

Marty

Fitremann

2019

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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A poly(vinylmethyl‐co‐dimethyl)siloxane has been functionalized with phenylethanethiol, N‐methylmercaptoacetamide and heptadecafluoro‐1‐decanethiol by a thermal radical thiol‐ene reaction initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. The resulting polymers were obtained in good yields with most of the time a complete conversion of the vinyl groups. The reaction also preserved the fragile polysiloxane backbone. The polymer, grafted with about 25 % of mercapto‐acetamide groups is soluble in polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, opening the way for further functionalization with polar molecules such as unprotected carbohydrates. Spherical and branched gold nanoparticles were coated with these polymers. This coating induced a surface resonance plasmon shift resulting from the interaction of the grafted polysiloxanes with the nanoparticle surface. The shift can be explained by the variation of the refractive index of the side groups but may be also related to the self‐organization of polysiloxanes and their interactions with the gold surface depending on their polarity.

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“…We have recently used the thiol‐ene reaction to prepare polar elastomer films in a postpolymerization starting from polymethylvinylsiloxane and mercaptopropionitrile . Apart from the bad odor of this mercapto reagent, the poor miscibility of this nonpolar polymer with the polar thiol was disadvantageous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A versatile synthetic path to thiol containing polysiloxanes

Perju

Dünki

Opris

2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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A synthetic strategy to polydimethylsiloxanes and polymethylsiloxanes containing thiol functions as end‐ or side‐groups, respectively, is presented. Such polymers are important starting materials for elastomeric networks and postpolymerization modifications. The synthesis starts either with vinyl end‐functionalized polydimethylsiloxanes or with polymethylvinylsiloxanes. The vinyl groups are reacted either with thioacetic acid or with a thioacetic acid/butanethiol mixture via a UV‐initiated thiol‐ene reaction to form the respective thioester quantitatively within few minutes. The thioesters are subsequently deprotected to the respective thiols by reduction with LiAlH4. The resulting thiol containing polysiloxanes can be used for the formation of networks or another functionalization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2940–2948

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Fine-tuning of the dielectric properties of polysiloxanes by chemical modification

Abstract: Novel polysiloxanes with dielectric properties which are systematically fine-tuned by utilizing thiol-ene post-polymerization reactions of a polymethylvinylsiloxane with various ratios of 1-butanethiol and 3-mercaptopropionitrile is presented.

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Artificial Muscles: Dielectric Elastomers Responsive to Low Voltages

Artificial Muscles: Dielectric Elastomers Responsive to Low Voltages

Polysiloxanes Modified by Thiol‐Ene Reaction and Their Interaction with Gold Nanoparticles

A versatile synthetic path to thiol containing polysiloxanes

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